Studies on the avian shell gland during egg formation: Aqueous and electrolytic composition of the mucosa<sup>1</sup>

Mongin, Pierre; Carter, N. W.

doi:10.1080/00071667708416370

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…the receptors may counteract each other, as suggested for other tissues (reviewed in [16]). Regarding the function of tubular glands, the favoured hypothesis is that they provide the carbonate ions for shell formation [2, 34, 35]. This is supported by the presence of CA in these cells, as seen in this study and several others [20, 21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids

et al. 2019

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BackgroundDuring the production period of laying hens, the number of cracked eggshells increases and the skeleton becomes brittle. Both these problems are related to ageing of the hen and cause economic problems for egg producers and impaired animal welfare. This study investigated key factors in the shell gland and duodenum related to eggshell quality and bone strength in laying hens during the production period. Five Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and five Lohmann Brown (LB), common hybrids in commercial egg production, were euthanized at 21, 29, 49 and 70 weeks (wk) of age. Blood samples for analysis of total calcium were taken at euthanization. Right femur and humerus were used for bone strength measurements and tissue samples from shell gland and duodenum were processed for morphology, immunohistochemical localisation of oestrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ), plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA) and histochemical localisation of carbonic anhydrases (CA). Eggs were collected for shell quality measurements.ResultsAt age 49 week, shell and bone strength had both deteriorated, but the hens were then able to maintain the level until 70 week of age and femur bone strength even improved. The main physiological findings associated with the effects seen at 49 week were reduced gland density and a shift in balance between ERα and ERβ in the shell gland, which coincided with a reduction in CA activity in the duodenum. Somewhat surprisingly, capillary density and capillaries with CA activity both increased in the shell gland over time, the latter possibly mediated via ERβ. These findings were independent of hybrid. PMCA was found in both shell gland and duodenum, but appeared unrelated to the age-related changes in shell and bone quality.ConclusionsIn hens around half-way through the production period, both shell quality and bone strength had deteriorated. Decreased gland density and a shift in the balance between ERα and ERβ in the shell gland, co-occurring with a dramatic drop in duodenal CA activity, are suggested as possible factors involved in age-related changes in shell and bone quality.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13028-019-0449-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…During shell calcification, blood flow through the shell gland increases fivefold [1]. The acid–base balance in the shell gland is suggested to be an important factor during shell formation [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids

et al. 2019

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“…It was impossible, however, to demonstrate any close correlation between Cl" and water concentrations or Cl~ and Na+ concentrations either in the total mucosal tissue or in the intracellular compartment. But as already shown in a previous paper (Mongin and Carter, 1977) a convariance analysis between total Na+ (Na r ) and total Cl~ (C1 T ) taking into consideration each of the physiological stages, revealed the relationship between these two variables:…”

Section: Chloridementioning

confidence: 81%

Studies on the avian shell gland during egg formation: The effect of acetazolamide on the composition of the mucosa

Mongin¹

1978

British Poultry Science

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The effect of acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase activity, on the intracellular composition of the shell gland mucosa was determined. The normal cyclic hydration of the mucosal cells was found to be reduced when the egg was in the uterus and the partition of the water between the intra- and extracellular compartments was modified. Acetazolamide decreased the accumulation of Na+ within the cells, inhibited the Na+-independent movement of Cl- and reduced the transfer of Cl- linked with Na+. It is concluded that acetazolamide blocks the intracellular generation of HCO3- and the reabsorption of Cl-.

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“…In the presence of blocked carboanhydrases the forskolin effect was significantly lower. Under basal conditions, the linking of Cland HCO 3 transport was described (Mongin and Carter, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On one side a direct relation between bicarbonate secretion and chloride absorption was assumed (Mongin and Carter, 1977), whereas a correlation between the blockage of carbonic anhydrase by acetazolamide and Ca 2+ secretion was described (Pearson and Goldner, 1974;Pearson et al, 1977;Mongin, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of anion transport across the uterine epithelium ofGallus domesticus

Brockmeier

Schultheiß

2011

Poultry Science

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For egg shell production, cations, primarily Ca(2+), and anions, primarily HCO(3)(-), must be secreted across the uterine epithelium. Because alterations of HCO(3)(-) transport influence Ca(2+) secretion, the present study was performed to gain insight into the regulation of anion transport (i.e., chloride and HCO(3)(-) transport) across the egg shell gland of the domestic chicken. To this purpose, unstripped uterus epithelia were mounted in modified Ussing chambers and electrogenic [i.e., short circuit current (I(sc))] and electroneutral anion transport were measured. Stimulating adenylate cyclases by forskolin, thereby enhancing the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate( )(cAMP) concentration, evoked 2 patterns of I(sc) responses. Under HCO(3)(-)-buffered conditions, some of the tissues (3/8) showed an increase of I(sc), whereas in others (5/8) a decrease of I(sc) was observed in the presence of the drug. The I(sc) increase existed in HCO(3)(-) secretion because under HCO(3)(-)-free conditions forskolin stimulated only an I(sc) decrease. In addition, methazolamide, a blocker of carboanhydrases, significantly reduced baseline I(sc). The forskolin-induced decrease of I(sc) presented a Cl(-) absorption. In the absence of HCO(3)(-), forskolin yielded only an I(sc) decrease and the transepithelial flux of (36)Cl(-) was reduced. In the presence of mucosal 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid, a nonselective blocker of chloride channels, forskolin-induced I(sc) decrease was inhibited. In addition to cAMP, the regulatory influence of neurons or prostaglandins on baseline I(sc) and anion transport was investigated. Neither tetrodotoxin, a blocker of neuronal Na(+) conductances, electrical field stimulation, nor indomethacin, a blocker of cyclooxygenases, influenced the baseline I(sc) or anion transport. In summary, these data show effects of forskolin (i.e., cAMP) on anion transport across the egg shell gland of the domestic chicken: HCO(3)(-) secretion (supporting Ca(2+) mineralizing of the egg shell) and Cl(-) absorption. Neurons or prostaglandins did not influence the anion transport.

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Studies on the avian shell gland during egg formation: Aqueous and electrolytic composition of the mucosa¹

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids

Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids

Studies on the avian shell gland during egg formation: The effect of acetazolamide on the composition of the mucosa

Regulation of anion transport across the uterine epithelium ofGallus domesticus

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Studies on the avian shell gland during egg formation: Aqueous and electrolytic composition of the mucosa1

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids

Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids

Studies on the avian shell gland during egg formation: The effect of acetazolamide on the composition of the mucosa

Regulation of anion transport across the uterine epithelium ofGallus domesticus

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Studies on the avian shell gland during egg formation: Aqueous and electrolytic composition of the mucosa¹