Studies on the Browning and Blackening of Plant Tissues

Shiroya, Michi; Shiroya, Tsugio; Hattori, Shizuo

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1955.tb07754.x

Cited by 48 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Recent studies have shown that changes in radiation (13,15,17,41,43), temperature (15, 38), age (7,9,15,23,28,42), and nutrient regime (2,3,5,19,21,32,33,34,35,36) influence the concentrations of the caffeoylquinic acids and scopolin (7-glucoside of 6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) in plants. These effects of environmental factors on plant phenolic concentration are reviewed in more detail by Rice (25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of tissue chlorogenic acid concentrations and leaching of phenolics from sunflowers grown under varying phosphate nutrient conditions

Koeppe¹,

Southwick²,

Bittell³

1976

Can. J. Bot.

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1976. The relationship of tissue chlorogenic acid concentrations and leaching of phenolics from sunflowers grown under varying phosphate nutrient conditions. Can. J. Bot. 54: 593-599. A large increase in the concentration of the isomers of chlorogenic acid was observed in extracts of sunflowers grown under phosphate-deficient conditions when compared with phosphate-sufficient plants. More phenolic compounds were leached from living intact roots, dried roots, and tops of phosphate-deficient plants than from phosphate-sufficient ones. These leachates did not contain any of the isomers of chlorogenic acid or caffeic acid but did contain scopolin. The influence of phosphate deficiency on polyphenol concentrations in plants and their possible role in allelopathic interactions between plants are discussed. KOEPPE, D. E., L. M. SOUTHWICK et J. E. BITTELL. 1976. The relationship of tissue chlorogenic acid concentrations and leaching of phenolics from sunflowers grown under varying phosphate nutrient conditions. Can. J. Bot. 54: 593-599.Les auteurs ont observe une importante augmentation de la concentration des isomeres de I'acide chloroginique dans des extraits de tournesols cultives sous des conditions de deficience en phosphates, comparativement i des plantes cultivkes avec une quantite suffisante de phosphates. Les racines intactes vivantes. ainsi que les racines et les tiges skchies, ont abandonne en solution plus de composes phinoliques chez les plantes dificientes en phosphates que chezcelles qui en avaient suffisamment. Ces lessivats ne contenaient aucun des isomeres de I'acide chlorogenique ou de l'acide cafelque mais contenaient de la scopoline. Les auteurs discutent I'influence de la dkficience en phosphore sur les concentrations en polyphenols des plantesainsi que le r6le possible de ces derniers dans les interactions allelopathiques entre plantes.[Traduit par le journal] IntroductionRecent studies have shown that changes in radiation (13,15,17,41,43), temperature (15, 38), age (7,9,15,23,28,42), and nutrient regime (2,3,5,19,21,32,33,34,35,36) influence the concentrations of the caffeoylquinic acids and scopolin (7-glucoside of 6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) in plants. These effects of environmental factors on plant phenolic concentration are reviewed in more detail by Rice (25). Although the in vivo physiological effect of changes in the concentrations of phenolic compounds is presently only hypothetical (1, 29), it is well documented that many cinnamic acid derivatives (of which the caffeoylquinic acids and scopolin are examples) affect various enzyme systems in vitro (1 1, 24, 27). In general, phenolic compounds have been implicated in plant-plant allelopathic interactions (30, 38) and have been shown to be

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of tissue chlorogenic acid concentrations and leaching of phenolics from sunflowers grown under varying phosphate nutrient conditions

Koeppe¹,

Southwick²,

Bittell³

1976

Can. J. Bot.

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A Comparison of Chlorogenic Acid and Catechol as Substrates for the Polyphenol Oxidase from Tobacco and Mushroom.

Sisler

Evans

1958

Plant Physiol.

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It is reported that chlorogenic acid is widely distributed in plants (7) and is the principle polyphenol in tobacco leaves (8). When the tissues of the tobacco plant are injured, the polyphenols are oxidized and then polymerize, forming a brown pigment. This oxidation is reported to be catalyzed by polyphenol oxidase. Polyphenol oxidase has been identified in many species of plants and the enzyme from potato (3) and mushroom (2) has been investigated in some detail. In most cases the activity of the enzyme has been assayed by determination of the rate of oxidation of catechol using direct or indirect methods.Dawson et al (1) have presented curves indicating that rates of oxygen uptake in the presence of tobacco leaf extracts were greater when chlorogenic acid was used as a substrate than when either catechol or caffeic acid were utilized. These workers, however, did not indicate the concentrations of catechol or caffeic acid used. During the course of this investigation, it was found that the rate of oxidation of chlorogenic acid in the presence of a crude tobacco root extract was about 5-fold greater than the rate of oxidation of catechol. Conversely, the rate of oxidation of catechol catalyzed by a crude mushroom extract was about 6.5-fold greater than that with chlorogenic acid. The enzymes from both sources have been partially purified to determine whether or not more than one polyphenol oxidase was present in each of the extracts. EXPERIMENTAL ASSAY PROCEDURE: The catalysis of the oxidation of various polyphenolic substrates can be determined conveniently by the rate of disappearance of ascorbic acid in the presence of the enzyme and the substrate to be tested, provided that ascorbic acid oxidase is absent. In this procedure, the disappearance of ascorbic acid at 265 m,u is followed spectrophotometrically (6). The principle of the procedure is similar to that described by Miller et al (5). The essential difference is that the time for the oxidation of a measured quantity of ascorbic acid was recorded by Miller et al (5), whereas in the method to be described initial rates of ascorbic oxidation are measured spectrophotometrically. ) with a volume of cold 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 equal in milliliters to the weight of the roots in grams. The entire purification operation was carried out at a temperature between 0 to 40 C unless otherwise indicated. The Omni mixer was operated at 50 % of the line voltage for a period of approximately 10 minutes. The major portion of the solid material was removed by straining the ground material through cheese cloth, and the liquid portion was centrifuged at 25,000 x G for 20 minutes and the supernatant (referred to as fraction 1 in table I) was collected. Sufficient acetone at -150 C was added to the supernatant liquid until a concentration of 37 % by volume was obtained. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation and mixed with 15 ml of 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. The denatured protein was removed by centrifugation at 12,500 x G for 10 m...

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“…Par ailleurs, chez Nicotiana, l'accumulation des composes phenoliques avait ete signalee avant la mise a fleurs (34,40 (38), que l'activite peroxydasique atteint un maximum au moment de l'initiation florale. Umemoto (37) a montre que l'acide chlorogenique ne s'accumule, chez Lemna gibba G3, que lorsque la photoperiode correspond a la periode d'induction fiorale (12 h) chez cette plante.…”

Section: Discussion Et Conclusionunclassified

Evolution des Teneurs en Acides Chlorogénique et “Isochlorogénique’ au Cours du Traitement de Vernalisation des Racines de Cichorium intybus

Paulet¹

1975

Physiologia Plantarum

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In a cold‐requiring variety of endive (chicory, Cichorium intybus L. ev. Witloof) we could demonstrate a relationship between the variations in the content of chlorogenic acid during the cold treatment of the roots and their disposition to produce flowers in vitro. An increase in the level of chlorogenic acid in the roots preceded the development of their aptitude to form flower buds. In addition, the three main forms of “isochlorogenic’ acid are present in the roots of this cultivar: 3,5‐dicaffeoyl‐quinic acid, 3,4‐dicaffeoyl‐quinic acid, and traces of 4,5‐dicaffeoyl‐quinic acid. The variations in the levels of chlorogenic and “isochlorogenic’ acids indicate that part of the chlorogenic acid (3‐caffeoyl‐quinic acid) is converted to 3,5‐dicaffeoyl‐quinic acid.

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Studies on the Browning and Blackening of Plant Tissues

Cited by 48 publications

References 6 publications

The relationship of tissue chlorogenic acid concentrations and leaching of phenolics from sunflowers grown under varying phosphate nutrient conditions

The relationship of tissue chlorogenic acid concentrations and leaching of phenolics from sunflowers grown under varying phosphate nutrient conditions

A Comparison of Chlorogenic Acid and Catechol as Substrates for the Polyphenol Oxidase from Tobacco and Mushroom.

Evolution des Teneurs en Acides Chlorogénique et “Isochlorogénique’ au Cours du Traitement de Vernalisation des Racines de Cichorium intybus

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