Studies on the Classification of the Penicillia

Abe, S.

doi:10.2323/jgam.2.1

Cited by 45 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…According to Abe (1956), P. corylophiloides could be differentiated from P. citrinum and P. steckii by the formation of ellipsoidal conidia. Houbraken et al .…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy of Penicillium section Citrina

Houbraken¹,

Frisvad²,

Samson³

2011

Studies in Mycology

141

103

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Species of Penicillium section Citrina have a worldwide distribution and occur commonly in soils. The section is here delimited using a combination of phenotypic characters and sequences of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene operon, including the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2, the 5.8S nrDNA (ITS) and partial RPB2 sequences. Species assigned to section Citrina share the production of symmetrically biverticillate conidiophores, flask shaped phialides (7.0–9.0 μm long) and relatively small conidia (2.0–3.0 μm diam). Some species can produce greyish-brown coloured cleistothecia containing flanged ascospores. In the present study, more than 250 isolates presumably belonging to section Citrina were examined using a combined analysis of phenotypic and physiological characters, extrolite profiles and ITS, β-tubulin and/or calmodulin sequences. Section Citrina includes 39 species, and 17 of those are described here as new. The most important phenotypic characters for distinguishing species are growth rates and colony reverse colours on the agar media CYA, MEA and YES; shape, size and ornamentation of conidia and the production of sclerotia or cleistothecia. Temperature-growth profiles were made for all examined species and are a valuable character characters for species identification. Species centered around P. citrinum generally have a higher maximum growth temperature (33–36 °C) than species related to P. westlingii (27–33 °C). Extrolite patterns and partial calmodulin and β-tubulin sequences can be used for sequence based identification and resolved all species. In contrast, ITS sequences were less variable and only 55 % of the species could be unambiguously identified with this locus.Taxonomic novelties:Penicillium argentinense Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. atrofulvum Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. aurantiacobrunneum Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. cairnsense Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. christenseniae Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. copticola Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. cosmopolitanum Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. neomiczynskii Cole, Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. nothofagi Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. pancosmium Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. pasqualense Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. quebecense Seifert, Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. raphiae Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. terrigenum Seifert, Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. ubiquetum Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. vancouverense Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, P. wellingtonense Cole, Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson.

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“…According to Abe (1956), P. corylophiloides could be differentiated from P. citrinum and P. steckii by the formation of ellipsoidal conidia. Houbraken et al .…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy of Penicillium section Citrina

Houbraken¹,

Frisvad²,

Samson³

2011

Studies in Mycology

141

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite many studies and monographs (e.g. Dierckx, 1901 ;Westling, 191 1 ;Biourge, 1923;Thom, 1930;Raper & Thom, 1949;Abe, 1956;Samson et al, 1976;Fassatiova, 1977;Pitt, 1980), the taxonomy of the section of the genus containing cultures with three or more levels of branches remained unsatisfactory until relatively recently (Onions et al, 1984;Samson & Gams, 1984). The species concepts and names adopted for these fungi have not always been consistent between authors, making identifications of cultures and the interpretation of literature reports difficult (Onions et al, 1984;Samson & Gams, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous taxonomic studies on the terverticillate penicillia have been based almost solely on morphology and gross physiology, and results from more recent biochemical studies have suggested that new species and chemotypes may be necessary to characterize accurately these organisms Pitt & Hawksworth, 1986). Since the introduction of a multidisciplinary approach to the taxonomy of Penicillium (Abe, 1956;Frisvad, 1981 ;Bridge et al, 1986) Scanning electron microscopy. SEM of 21-d-old cultures (to ensure mature conidia) from Cz agar was done using a cryo-stage as described in Kozakiewicz (1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reappraisal of the Terverticillate Penicillia Using Biochemical, Physiological and Morphological Features I. Numerical Taxonomy

Bridge

Hawksworth²,

Kozakiewicz³

et al. 1989

Microbiology

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Three-hundred-and-forty-eight strains representing the major species of terverticillate penicillia, and including representatives of other closely and distantly related species, were included in a numerical taxonomic study. One-hundred characters were derived from morphological features, physiological and biochemical activities and SEM micrographs. Strains were compared by both Gower's coefficient and Pattern difference, and clustered using the average linkage algorithm. Thirty-seven species or species-complex clusters were recovered at approximately 70% similarity; they generally corresponded to existing taxonomic concepts. Several species were shown to contain variants or chemotypes which were often supported by differences in conidial shape and ornamentation. The use of different types of characters enabled a number of new and previously accepted species to be shown to be either variants or deteriorated examples of other species. Variation in properties both between and within species was considered, particularly in relation to strain stability.

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“…54), and the other a microverrucate ornamentation (Figs 58,59). Interestingly, Abe (1956) found the 'cheese' Penicillium species he studied also fell into two groups. The conidia were either smooth or spinulose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ornamentation types of conidia and conidiogenous structures in fasciculate Penicillium species using scanning electron microscopy

Kozakiewicz¹

1989

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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of coddia and coddiogenous structures in fasciculate Penicillium species using s c d g electron microscopy. As part of a multidisciplinary approach to the taxonomy of the fasciculate Penicdlium species, the conidial ornamentation of 320 strains was examined in order to determine the types and range of ornamentation and assess the stability of this feature as a taxonomic character.Five conidial ornamentation classes were identified: echinulate, tuberculate, reticulate, microtuberculate and microverrucate. The technique of cryoscanning was used for examining the penicillus, and assessing such characters as roughening, shape and orientation of the branches. The method provides a fast means of examining freshly frozen material in the absence of artefacts associated with air-drying, freezing and critical-point drying techniques.Studies on large numbers of conidia from the same isolate and from isolates referred to the same species showed the scanning electron microscopy results to be reproducible and provide an objective and accurate method for comparing micromorphological features. The ornamentation types can be of particular value in species identification.

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Studies on the Classification of the Penicillia

Cited by 45 publications

References 46 publications

Taxonomy of Penicillium section Citrina

Taxonomy of Penicillium section Citrina

A Reappraisal of the Terverticillate Penicillia Using Biochemical, Physiological and Morphological Features I. Numerical Taxonomy

Ornamentation types of conidia and conidiogenous structures in fasciculate Penicillium species using scanning electron microscopy

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