Recently mud crab (Scylla olivacea) has emerged as a potential export commodity. Its farming is increasing rapidly in Bangladesh because of its lucrative price and high demand in international market. However, the farming or fattening of mud crab is totally dependent on capture of wild crablets. A huge quantity of mud crabs is being caught indiscriminately from nature and thus putting intense pressure on its wild stock, which is a major concern of conservation. Imposing ban at peak breeding season and setting a legal capture size are considered effective management tools for safe migration and spawning of berried females. There is contradictory information on breeding season of mud crab in Bangladesh. Thus, it is crucial to identify the peak breeding season of it and to formulate conservation policies to protect the berried crabs. Live crabs were collected year-round from the river adjacent to southwest part of Sundarbans. Although mud crab breeds throughout the year, March-April was identified as the peak breeding season of it. The second peak was observed in August-September. The highest abundance of crablets (1-2 months age) was recorded in May-June, and the lowest in January-February. Immature crablets were found all through the year that proves that mud crab is a continuous breeder. The highest amount of GSI value (11.6) was observed in February-March, which indicates that the breeding is very near. The size at first maturity (M 50 ) was estimated as 95.5 mm CW which lied at size class 91-100 mm (CW). The findings from the study will assist in fixing up the banning time and thus protecting the mother crabs; and will assist in formulating police to conserve and protect juvenile crabs in the sense that the minimum legal capture size of crabs will allow the adults to mate and spawn at least once before their capture.
