Studies on the promoting and complete carcinogenic activities of some oxidizing chemicals in skin carcinogenesis

Kurokawa, Yuji; Takamura, Naoko; Matsushima, Yuko; Imazawa, Takayoshi; Hayashi, Yuzo

doi:10.1016/0304-3835(84)90026-0

Cited by 83 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Further studies on skin have concluded that H 2 O 2 is inactive as a tumour promoter or carcinogen. 76,77 Cellular studies The response of mammalian cells to H 2 O 2 is highly variable, dependent on factors such as catalase concentration and DNA repair activity. In one study, H 2 O 2 induced a dosedependent increase of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) mutations in vitro in human T lympho- cytes, most mutations being of the same kind as observed in T cells in vivo.…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening (bleaching) products: Review of adverse effects and safety issues

et al. 2006

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Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening (bleaching) products: Review of adverse effects and safety issues

et al. 2006

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“…Recently, carcinogenic and promoting potentials of several oxidizing chemicals have been revealed by various in vivo and in vitro studies. In mouse skin carcinogenesis, for example, benzoyl peroxide was found to be a potent promoter (84)(85)(86) and weak complete carcinogen (7). The same compound is also suspected as a causative agent for skin cancer in man (87,88).…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same compound is also suspected as a causative agent for skin cancer in man (87,88). Hydrogen peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, decanoyl peroxide, cumene peroxide, and sodium chlorite were all demonstrated to be promoters in the skin system, albeit relatively weak (7,84,89). Hydrogen peroxide given orally proved to be a carcinogen inducing duodenal tumors in mice (90) and a promoter for the development of intestinal tumors (91) and forestomach papillomas in rats (92).…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present review covers the various toxicological studies that have mainly been conducted in our laboratory (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), with the aim of elucidating the mode of action and mechanisms of KBrO3 carcinogenicity. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recently evaluated all of the data on KBrO3 and concluded, "There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of KBrO3 in experimental animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Potassium Bromate: A New Renal Carcinogen

Kurokawa¹,

Maekawa²,

Takahashi³

et al. 1990

Environmental Health Perspectives

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150

130

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Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is an oxidizing agent that has been used as a food additive, mainly in the bread-making process. Although adverse effects are not evident in animals fed bread-based diets made from flour treated with KBrO3, the agent is carcinogenic in rats and nephrotoxic in both man and experimental animals when given orally. It has been demonstrated that KBrO3 induces renal cell tumors, mesotheliomas of the peritoneum, and follicular cell tumors of the thyroid. In addition, experiments aimed at elucidating the mode of carcinogenic action have revealed that KBrO3 is a complete carcinogen, possessing both initiating and promoting activities for rat renal tumorigenesis. However, the potential seems to be weak in mice and hamsters. In contrast to its weak mutagenic activity in microbial assays, KBrO3 showed relatively strong potential inducing chromosome aberrations both in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione and cysteine degrade KBrO3 in vitro; in turn, the KBrO3 has inhibitory effects on inducing lipid peroxidation in the rat kidney. Active oxygen radicals generated from KBrO3 were implicated in its toxic and carcinogenic effects, especially because KBrO3 produced 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the rat kidney. A wide range of data from applications of various analytical methods are now available for risk assessment purposes.

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“…In contrast, KBrO3 exhibited neither promoting nor complete carcinogenic activities for skin carcinogenesis (19).…”

Section: Dysplastic Foci (Df)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term in Vivo Carcinogenicity Tests of Potassium Bromate, Sodium Hypochlorite, and Sodium Chlorite Conducted in Japan

Kurokawa¹,

Takayama²,

Konishi³

et al. 1986

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Long-term in vivo carcinogenicity tests of potassium bromate (KBrO3), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and sodium chlorite (NaClO2) have been conducted in Japan from 1977 to 1985. In these investigations, groups of approximately 50 male and 50 female F344 rats or B6C3F1 mice were given solutions of the compounds as their drinking water ad libitum at two dose levels determined on the basis of preliminary 13-week tests. Control animals were given distilled water.The carcinogenic potential of KBrO3 was tested by administering doses of 500 or 250 ppm to rats for 110 weeks. Significantly elevated incidences of renal cell tumors in males and females and mesotheliomas of the peritoneum in males as compared to controls were observed. When female mice were given KBrO3 at doses of 1000 or 500 ppm for 78 weeks, no significant differences in tumor incidences between experimental and control groups were apparent.NaClO was administered to male and female rats, respectively, at doses of 1000 or 500 ppm and 2000 or 1000 ppm for 104 weeks. In mice, NaClO was given at doses of 1000 or 500 ppm to either sex for 103 weeks. The incidences of tumors in NaClO-treated and control animals of both sexes were not significantly different in both rat and mouse studies.NaClO2 was given to rats of both sexes at a dose of 600 or 300 ppm for 85 weeks. No statistically significant differences were observed in the incidences of tumor formation between NaCI02-treated and control groups of both sexes. NaCI02 was administered to mice at a concentration of 500 or 250 ppm for 85 weeks. In males, the combined incidences of hyperplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas of the liver in a low-dose group, and adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the lung in a high-dose group, were marginally increased compared to controls (p<0.05). However, these incidences in treated males were within the range of values of historical control data in our program.We concluded that KBrO3 was carcinogenic in rats of both sexes. NaClO was not carcinogenic in either rats and or mice under the conditions of the present studies. Although NaClO2 was shown to be noncarcinogenic in rats, the results for mice were evaluated as inconclusive. Also the results of two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis using KBrO3, NaClO, and NaCl02 are presented. The necessity for further testing of oxidant chemicals to determine potential carcinogenic and/or promoting effects is suggested in view of the recently proposed role of active oxygen species in carcinogenesis.

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Studies on the promoting and complete carcinogenic activities of some oxidizing chemicals in skin carcinogenesis

Cited by 83 publications

References 6 publications

Hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening (bleaching) products: Review of adverse effects and safety issues

Hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening (bleaching) products: Review of adverse effects and safety issues

Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Potassium Bromate: A New Renal Carcinogen

Long-Term in Vivo Carcinogenicity Tests of Potassium Bromate, Sodium Hypochlorite, and Sodium Chlorite Conducted in Japan

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