Studies on the Toxic Effects of Synthetic Prethyroid Insecticide, Cyphenothrin on Protein Metabolic Profiles of Indian Major Carp, Cirrihinus mrigala

Abstract

Pyrethroids are used in almost all agricultural crops, nurseries, various urban structural and landscaping sites, construction sites (pre-construction termiticides), the pyrethroids is their efficacy against a broad range of insects, pests and mites, low mammalian and avian toxicity, low potential to contaminate ground water, and relatively low application rates like several desirable characters to contribute. Cyphenothrin is the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide widely used throughout the world to control domestic pests, public health and industrial location. Cyphenothrin is more toxic to insects and mammals and last longer in the environment. Freshwater fish, Cirrihinus mrigala were exposed to sublethal concentration one fifth of LC 50 30 g/L (6 g/L) of cyphenothrin for 10, 20, 30 and 40 days to analyze various parameters of protein metabolism in functionally different tissues. Total, structural and soluble proteins showed decrease; whereas free amino acids and the activities of protease, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase significantly increased in cyphenothrin exposed fish. Interestingly, ammonia content decreased but urea and glutamine increased at all periods of exposure. It was also observed that alterations steadily increased with the period of exposure and exhibited tissue specificity. Thus variation in the protein metabolism of the fish exposed to cyphenothrin indicates its toxic effect on the cellular metabolism thereby leading to impaired protein synthetic machinery.