Studies on two polyherbal formulations (ZPTO and ZTO) for comparison of their antidyslipidemic, antihypertensive and endothelial modulating activities

Abstract

BackgroundCardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are the leading cause of disease burden worldwide. Apart from available synthetic drugs used in CVDs, there are many herbal formulations including POL-10 (containing 10 herbs), which have been shown to be effective in animal studies but POL-10 was found to cause tachycardia in rodents as its side effect. This study was designed to modify the composition of POL-10 for better efficacy and/or safety profile in CVDs.MethodsTo assess the antidyslipidemic, antihypertensive and endothelial modulatory properties of two herbal formulations, (ZPTO and ZTO) containing Z: Zingiber officinalis, P: Piper nigrum, T: Terminalia belerica and O: Orchis mascula, different animal models including, tyloxapol and high fat diet-induced dyslipidemia and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used. Effect on endothelial function was studied using isolated tissue bath set up coupled with PowerLab data acquisition system. The antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH radical-scavenging assay.ResultsBased on preliminary screening of the ingredients of POL-10 in tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemic rats, ZPTO and ZTO containing four active ingredients namely; Z, P, T and O were identified for further studies and comparison. In tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemic rats, both ZPTO and ZTO caused significant reduction in serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). In high fat diet-fed rats, ZPTO decreased TC, low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherogenic index (AI). ZTO also showed similar effects to those of ZPTO with additional merits being more effective in reducing AI, body weight and more importantly raising high-density lipoproteins. In SHR, both formulations markedly reduced systolic blood pressure, AI and TG levels, ZTO being more potent in reversing endothelial dysfunction while was devoid of cardiac stimulatory effect. In addition, ZTO also reduced LDL-C and improved glucose levels in SHR. In DPPH radical-scavenging activity test, ZTO was also more potent than ZPTO.ConclusionThe modified formulation, ZTO was not only found more effective in correcting cardiovascular abnormalities than ZPTO or POL-10 but also it was free from tachycardiac side-effect, which might be observed because of the presence of Piper nigrum in ZPTO.

Evaluation of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate and Neurotransmitters in Experimental Obesity: Impact of Black Pepper and Coffee Aqueous Extracts

“…On the other hand, treatment with black pepper, coffee, and their mixture improve the serum glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance (Table 1), these results agree with Rezq and Fathy and Aziz et al [20,41], who suggested that black pepper and coffee decreased glucose and insulin and may reduce risk of type 2 diabetes as they decrease the oxidative stress. Furthermore, coffee improves blood glucose level and glucose homeostasis which may be due to the inhibition of adenosine receptors that activate cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase [51].…”

“…This may be due to triton WR-1339 is known to induce hyperlipidemia in two phases: Phase I in which there is an increased hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis through triton's interference with the tissue uptake of plasma lipids, whereas Phase II involves triton's interference with cholesterol excretion and metabolism [41], in the same line, in HFD models, hyperlipidemia is induced when dietary lipid including cholesterol inhibits FA oxidation and LDL cholesterol uptake [4].…”

Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of polyherbal formulation and its ingredients in cardiovascular disorders using rodents

“…The relative safety of natural products when used for longer duration might be because of the presence of synergistic and/or side effects neutralizing constituents inbuilt in medicinal herbs [ 11 ]. In our settings due to cultural acceptance, people prefer to use herbal remedies for the treatment of various chronic ailments like gastro-intestinal [ 12 ], respiratory tract [ 13 ], endocrine (diabetes) [ 14 ] and cardiovascular disorders [ 15 ]. Despite using individual herbs to treat different ailments, there are multiple evidences supporting therapeutic use of compound formulations in the treatment of hypertension and dyslipidemia.…”

Effects of Poly-herbal Tablet as Herbal Medicine on Lipid Level

“…Research conducted by Saravanan et al, (2007) in hypercholesterolemic rats, Belericae fructus preparations can reduce total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels at a dose 1 g/kgBW. Other studies on animal models also showed similar results (Aziz et al, 2013;Shaila et al, 1998). Mechanism of action of Belericae fructus is thought to inhibit lipid biosynthesis and reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine.…”