Studies on uronic acid materials

Anderson, D.M.W.; Dea, I.C.M.; Karamalla, K. A.; Smith, Joanne F.

doi:10.1016/s0008-6215(00)80062-2

Cited by 54 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Gum acacia exists in nature as a neutral or slightly acidic salt of a complex polysaccharide containing calcium, magnesium, and potassium. The accepted molecular weight (MW) is 600,000 daltons, with a broadly skewed distribution (Anderson et al, 1968). Hydrolysis of gum acacia yields L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-galactose, and D-glucuronic acid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Index of the Dispersed Phase in Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions: Its Dependence on Droplet Size and Aging

Ray

Johnson

Sullivan

1983

Journal of Food Science

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A simple method of determining the refractive index of the dispersed phase was applied on different gum-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions, in which this refractive index is taken to be equal to that of the continuous phase at (extrapolated) zero optical density point. Refractive indices of dispersed phases were usually lower than those of the oil part alone. In dilute emulsions, the refractive index of the dispersed phase increased with time, while optical density of emulsion decreased. In aged concentrated emulsions, both refractive index and optical density decreased with time. At a given composition, the refractive index and optical density varied directly with droplet size. The results are interpreted in terms of reasonable physical and chemicl phenomena.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Index of the Dispersed Phase in Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions: Its Dependence on Droplet Size and Aging

Ray

Johnson

Sullivan

1983

Journal of Food Science

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“…For this reason they can be allocated a grade 1. On the other hand the volume median diameter of SG1 [5][6][7][8][9] and SG2 5-9 sample from 5-9 years old tree increased to 200% and 160% over the initial volume respectively. Therefore the SG1 5-9 and SG2 5-9 did not show good stability and gave a high change in particle size diameter (0.58 and 0.29μm), for this reason allocated a grade 2 status (less stable emulsifier)( Table 5 and Fig.…”

Section: Emulsification Properties and Stability Of Asenegal And Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be degraded by proteolytic enzyme into smaller fragments of molecular mass ~2-3 x 10 5 and hence it has been argued that it has a wattle blossom-type structure typical of arabinogalcatan protein complexes, where large carbohydrate blocks (2-3 x 10 5 ) are attached to a common polypeptide chain [6][7][8]. Anderson and Stoddart [9] obtained a value of 5 x 10 5 and 8.5 x 10 5 for the number average molecular weight (Mn) using molecular sieve chromatography and for weight average molecular weight (M w ) using light scattering technique for A.senegalgum. Cannoly et al [10] calculated the molecular mass of the blocks of A. senegal gum and found it to be of the order 2x10 5 .Duvallet et al [11] reported value of 7.2x10 5 for molecular weight of A. senegal gum using low angle laser light scattering technique in IM NaCl at 25.0 0 C, they also obtained the value of 1.9 x 10 5 for the number average molecular weight (Mn) using osmometry determination in 0.01M NaCl at 37.0 0 C. Using GPC-MALLS, Idris et al [12] obtained values between 2 x 10 5 and 7.9 x 10 5 of the weight average molecular weight and values between 1.6 x10 5 and 4.5 x 10 5 of the number average molecular weight (Mn) for A. senegalgum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation and Physicochemical Studies of AcaciaSenegal Gums

2015

IJSR

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Abstract:The chemical and physicochemical characteristics of five authenticated A. senegal gum samples from trees of varying age have been investigated. A. senegal was fractionated by a successive non-solvent fractionation technique using ethanol and acetone as a fractionation agent separately. The fractions were found to be different from the whole gum in terms of molecular characteristics. The molecular mass distribution was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC-MALLS) with on-line monitoring using light scattering, refractive index and UV absorbance detectors. The result shows that three main component designated arabinogalactane protein (AGP), arabinogalactane (AG) and glycoprotein (GP) known to be present in A. senegal could be present in their fractions. The weight average molecular weight of A. senegal ranged from 0.808 -1.334 X 10 6 g/molwith M w /M n ranged from (2.89-4.42). The SG4 15-20 sample that from the 10-15 years old tree shows high molecular weight, high viscosity and produce emulsion which were stable under accelerate stress condition. All ethanol fractions and ( SG-F1A and SG-F3A) gave the best emulsification performance and stability than the starting material (SG-control) dependent on the protein distribution and its association with the high molecular weight fraction (AGP). All emulsion of ethanol and acetone fractions of A. senegal show low degrees of polydispersity and droplet size compared to the starting material indicating uniformity, clean fractionation and increased adsorption of protein on the oil droplet surface.

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Dietary, behavioral, and morphological aspects of gummivory in primates

Nash

1986

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

186

173

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Primates are usually classified as faunivores, frugivores, or folivores. Recent field studies have shown that plant exudates, mainly gums, are also a significant component of primate diets. Few other vertebrates consume gum. One group of primate gummivores, including the lemur Phuner, the galagine Euoticus, and especially the marmosets Cebuella and Cab lithrix, has dental adaptations allowing its members to gouge or scrape trees to stimulate the flow of gum. Members of this group also have modifications of the nails which facilitate the postural repertoire required to harvest gums on large-diameter trunks. A second group, including Galago spp., Perodicticus potto, tamarins (Saguinus spp.), baboons (Papio spp.), vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops), and patas (Erythrocebus patas), is less morphologically specialized. These primates eat gums exuded in response to insect and/or mechanical damage. Gums are complex polysaccharides which, like foliage, require fermentation for digestion. At least some gummivorous primates show intestinal specializations for fermentation. Gums may also be an important source of minerals, especially calcium. Like folivores, gum feeders have the capacity to avoid secondary compounds found in gum, such as tannins and phenols. Gums are found in small, discrete patches. Each gum site can generally accommodate only one individual at a time, but the site may be rapidly renewed. One tree may contain many gum sites. Consequently, the foraging and digestive challenges entailed by gummivory involve a unique combination of features shown by faunivory, frugivory, and folivory. Understanding the biological bases of gummivory will be of value in interpreting the anatomy and modeling the behavior of early primates.Gum is a relatively unusual dietary component among mammals (Eisenberg, 1981;, and the ability to use it may confer a competitive advantage. Recent ecological research has shown that exudates, primarily gums, are a major dietary component for a variety of primate species, including prosimians (Charles- Dominique, 1977;Bearder and Martin, 1980;Charles-Dominique and Petter, 1980), callitrichids (Coimbra-Filho and Mittermeier, 1977; Garber, 1984a,b), and some African cercopithecines (Hausfater and Bearce, 1976;Wrangham and Waterman, 1981; 01-son and Chism, 1984;Olson, 1985). Thus, gummivory apparently represents a n important dietary adaptation and may have behavioral, morphological, and physio-'A note on the spelling of "gummivory" and gummivore" is needed since the words appear in neither the current editions of Webster's International Dictionary nor the Oxford English Dictionary. There is confusion in the literature on primates; a variety of alternative spellings have appeared (e.g., "gumivory," "gumnivory," "guminivory"). The spelling used here is preferred since the Latin root of the word is "gummi" (meaning gum, a tree exudate) and by analogy to "gummiferous," which is found in both. 0 1986 Alan R. Liss, Inc.

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Studies on uronic acid materials

Cited by 54 publications

References 11 publications

Refractive Index of the Dispersed Phase in Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions: Its Dependence on Droplet Size and Aging

Refractive Index of the Dispersed Phase in Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions: Its Dependence on Droplet Size and Aging

Fractionation and Physicochemical Studies of AcaciaSenegal Gums

Dietary, behavioral, and morphological aspects of gummivory in primates

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