Study and development of an alkaline bath for copper deposition containing sorbitol as complexing agent and morphological characterization of the copper film

Barbosa, Lúcio L.; Almeida, M.R.H. de; Carlos, Rose Maria; Yonashiro, M.; Oliveira, G. M. de; Carlos, I.A.

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.09.011

Cited by 44 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As a result of these processes, the morphology of the deposit is modified, as can be seen later in Section 3.2. The latter effect was observed during lead [9] and copper [10] electrodeposition from an alkaline plating bath in the presence of sorbitol, when inhibition of crystallite growth took place. These results are very significant since the presence of sorbitol in the deposition bath may lead to a better quality tin deposit than in its absence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of an alkaline bath for tin deposition in the presence of sorbitol and physical and morphological characterization of tin film

et al. 2005

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Effects of sorbitol concentration on the deposition of tin on to platinum were studied by cyclic voltammetry. It was observed that sorbitol affected the tin-plating rate and also the thermodynamics of the deposition process. Rotating disk electrode studies showed that the deposition rate is controlled by mass transport and that the diffusion coefficient of the Sn(II) complex decreases with increasing sorbitol concentration. The presence of sorbitol in the plating bath was beneficial since a plating current efficiency of $70% was obtained, while in its absence it was $19%. Scanning electron microscopy showed that sorbitol works as a brightener since tin crystallites were much smaller than those obtained from alkaline solution in the absence of sorbitol. Also, at 1.0 M, sorbitol produced a very smooth film. X-ray spectra showed that b-Sn was deposited.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies in our laboratory on lead, copper, copper-zinc and copper-tin deposition processes showed that sorbitol has brightening and leveling characteristics [9][10][11][12]. Encouraged by these findings we evaluated and analyzed the effect of sorbitol on the deposition process and morphology of the tin films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Study of an alkaline bath for tin deposition in the presence of sorbitol and physical and morphological characterization of tin film

et al. 2005

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“…Rotating disk electrode experiments show that Cu deposits under mass transfercontrolled conditions on Mo, whereas In deposits under kinetic control at room temperature. There are a few reports on electrodeposition of Cu/In or In/Cu stacks for the realization of CIS semiconductor compounds [83,84] . One technologically interesting report from Penndorf et al .…”

Section: Cu(inga)se 2 Via Stacked Metal Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic Cu plating bath was adapted from Barbosa et al . [84] with the addition of a zwitterionic surfactant that reduces grain size and surface roughness [11] . A basic Cu bath is used because the Mo substrate is passivated by a surface oxide in acidic conditions, leading to poorly adherent fi lms.…”

Section: Cu(inga)se 2 Via Stacked Metal Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the oxide layer on Mo is soluble in alkaline media, surface passivation can be avoided, and excellent Cu layer deposits can be obtained using an RDE in an alkaline Cu electrolyte adapted from the work of Barbosa et al [84] . Introduction of a quaternary ammonium surfactant (Empigen BB) to the electrolyte improves the morphology of the Cu deposit.…”

Section: Growth Of Copper Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of Electrochemistry in the Fabrication and Characterization of Thin‐Film Solar Cells

Dale

Peter

2010

Advances in Electrochemical Sciences and Engineering

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Magnetic resonance studies of copper (II) sorbitol complex, in solution, reveal a supramolecular structure compatible to the crystal structure

Kock

Higuera-Padilla

Vigatto

et al. 2019

Magnetic Reson in Chemistry

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Although the Cu2+‐sorbitol complex [Cu2+‐Sorb] structure in crystalline state has been determined by X rays, it is not known in solution, where most studies of this complex are performed. Therefore, the goal of this work was to obtain information about the structure of this complex in aqueous solution using nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. The magnetic resonance results indicate that the complex is formed at approximately pH 12. In this pH the sorbitol 1H relaxation times were so short (broad line) that was not possible to use standard nuclear magnetic resonance parameters (nuclear Overhauser effect and spin–spin coupling constants values) to solve the three‐dimensional structure. However, valuable structural information about the complex in solution was obtained. The relaxation results indicate that the Cu2+ ions are buried in the structure and not accessible to solvent; the 1H and 13C spectra shows strong paramagnetic shift effect indicating short distance between these nuclei and Cu2+ in the structure. No electron paramagnetic resonance signal was observed in pH 12 indicating strong Cu2+‐ Cu2+ dipolar interaction, compatible to Cu2+‐Cu2+ distances measured in crystal, from 1.148 to 1.393 Angstroms. The complex self‐diffusion coefficient (D) of 1.58 × 10−10 m2/s value, determined by Diffusion‐Ordered Spectroscopy, is compatible to a molecular weight of 3–6 KDa. Therefore, these results corroborate that the [Cu2+‐Sorb] complex is assembled in solution, at pH 12, with several structural parameters compatible to the toroidal hexadecacuprate supramolecular structure determined in solid state.

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Study and development of an alkaline bath for copper deposition containing sorbitol as complexing agent and morphological characterization of the copper film

Cited by 44 publications

References 19 publications

Study of an alkaline bath for tin deposition in the presence of sorbitol and physical and morphological characterization of tin film

Study of an alkaline bath for tin deposition in the presence of sorbitol and physical and morphological characterization of tin film

Applications of Electrochemistry in the Fabrication and Characterization of Thin‐Film Solar Cells

Magnetic resonance studies of copper (II) sorbitol complex, in solution, reveal a supramolecular structure compatible to the crystal structure

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