“…One estimate suggests that solar PV alone could cover the daily power peak load, far outreaching the LCEC 2020 target, improving energy security, reducing energy bills and reducing the impact of fossil fuels for electricity generation (Berjawi et al, 2017). The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) predicts that Lebanon could cost-effectively obtain 30 per cent of its electricity supply from renewable sources by 2030, if proper plans were implemented (IRENA, 2020), and a large number of research studies have supported both the feasibility and the potential of solar energy in the context of hybrid systems (Mannah et al, 2021;Haddad, 2021;Kassem et al, 2021Kassem et al, , 2022Arnaout et al, 2021;Çamur et al, 2021;Dobeissi et al, 2021;Abou Brahim, 2020).…”