“…Extensive research has been conducted on paper ultrasound tests for velocity estimation of mixtures, these are used to investigate the thermal, acoustic, and other interactions between molecules in liquid mixtures. Molecular interactions in mixtures are best described by common transport properties such as mass transfer, surface tension, viscosity, heat transfer, and fluid flow [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. A range of experimental techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, permittivity measurements, and nuclear magnetic resonance, used as the purpose of investigating the variations in molecular interactions caused by structural changes in these interactions.…”