Study of Advanced Techniques for Inquisition, Segregation and Removal of Microplastics from Water Streams: Current Insights and Future Directions

Abstract

The present research covers different analytical methods utilized for the diagnosis and characterization of microplastics (MPs) in water and wastewater, such as particle size distribution analysis, and focuses on the sources and forms of MPs in receiving environments. First, we look at the most recent collection techniques, which include a variety of spectroscopic, chromatographic, and microscopic approaches used to identify and measure microplastics in water samples. We then investigate separation techniques designed to separate microplastics from diverse environmental matrices. This involves applying existing methods of separation based on density, such as centrifugation, flotation, and sedimentation, as well as more recent ones, like the use of microfluidic devices and materials for selective adsorption. Lastly, we look into removal methods aimed to reduce the buildup of microplastics in aquatic environments. These include enzymatic breakdown, coagulation/flocculation, and filtering, among other physical, chemical, and biological techniques.