Study of Beta-Casein Gene Polymorphism in Domestic Breed Dairy Cows

Abstract

Studies have been conducted on the study of beta-casein gene polymorphism in Sumy inbred cattle populations of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy and Ukrainian brown dairy breeds. The research was carried out in the breeding plants of the State Enterprise "Experimental Farm of the Institute of Agriculture of the North East of the National Academy of Sciences". Determination of polymorphism of the beta-casein gene was carried out in the genetic laboratory of the Bogomolets Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences using a molecular biological analysis of allele recognition, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in real time. It was established that cows of the studied breeds are characterized by polymorphism at the CSN2 locus. Allele A2 prevailed in frequency in animals of both groups. A difference in the frequency of this allele was established between them, to the advantage of animals of the Ukrainian brown dairy breed (by 1.4 times). No difference was found between actual and expected frequencies of genotypes in cows of both breeds. The results of the molecular genetic analysis of the cattle of the two breeds reflect the genetic structure at the studied locus, which corresponds to the breed characteristics of the Swiss and Holstein.