Study of Mechanical-Rheological Parameters of Feed Grain During to the Impact-Cutting Loading

Abstract

The research is based on the tasks of applied research on the topic: «Development of a complex of energy-efficient and resource-saving equipment and promising technologies for feeding farm animals of the AIC of Ukraine», state registration number 0121U108589. The authors’ research is aimed at solving current problems of technological renewal and development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. Rationalisation of energy use necessitates the substantiation of the energy-saving variant by implementing energy-efficient machines and technologies in the system of feed preparation and feeding animals. Grinding largely determines the quality of compound feed, its digestibility by animals and birds, and has a significant impact on the growth of animal productivity, the profitability of the enterprise, the rhythm of work and production costs. Therefore, reducing the energy intensity of the process is an urgent task. In the laboratory of the theory of mechanisms and machines of the department of general technical disciplines and labor protection of Vinnitsa National Agrarian University, a vibratory disk crusher was designed to increase the level of technical support for the livestock industry. The crusher uses a more efficient method of grinding feed grain – a combination of impact and cutting, in contrast to a hammer mill that grinds with a free impact of hammers. Further improvement of the energy efficiency of grain grinding in a vibratory crusher requires theoretical studies of the process dynamics and determination of the minimum amount of energy required to break the grain. An effective and modern method for studying complex objects is system analysis, which makes it possible to modernize existing and design new machines without a large number of expensive physical experiments. The implementation of effective energy saving measures requires a deep theoretical study of the interaction of the material with the impact element of the crusher. Modelling for the grinding operation, it is necessary to consider structural-mechanical properties of the product, its ability to deform in different modes of interaction with the executive body of the technological machine. The total mechanical work expended on the destruction of the material and and energy intensity of the feed preparation process depends on this deformation. The aim of the research is to developing and analysing the mechanical-rheological model of the material, assess the process of relative deformation of maize grain during combined grinding by impact-cutting and determining the overall mechanical work for the destruction. The object of the research are the structural-mechanical properties of a maize grain, energy intensity of the process of destruction of an individual grain under conditions of impact-cutting action. The subject of the research is the regularities of the process of deforming a grain under the action of external load of the cutting edge of the crusher’s impactor. The paper defines the values of absolute deformation and mechanical work performed during the destruction of corn grain under the action of an applied shock-cutting load. These characteristics are presented in analytical and graphic form. The results of these studies make it possible to establish the boundary values of the plastic and elastic absolute deformations occurring in the material. This is a necessary condition for further theoretical substantiation of the law of energy-saving grinding.