Study of Morphology and Agar Contents in Some Important <i>Gracilaria</i> Species of Indian Coasts

Abstract

This study reports the morphological, anatomical and agar content difference among various species of Gracilaria. The cortex was found 1-2 layered in G. edulis and G. eucheumatoides whereas 5-6 layered in G. foliifera and G. crassa. The medulla was 6-8 layered in G. edulis, 10-11 layered in G. foliifera, 14-15 layered in G. eucheumatoides and 8-10 layered in G. crassa. Similarly, distinct variations were observed in the structure of cystocarp of these taxa. The outer pericarp was 6-8 layered in G. verrucosa (attached type), 8-9 in Graciriopsis megaspora, 12-13 layered cells in G. edulis, 9-11 layered in G. foliifera, 12-15 layered in G. eucheumatoides and 11-14 layered in G. crassa. The tubular nutritive filaments were radiating type in G. edulis whereas these were penetrating and radiating type in G. foliifera. In G. crassa, the same was produced from a small swollen short base and in G. verrucosa (attached type) it was long. Further, in G. eucheumatoides and Gracilariopsis megaspore, nutritive filaments were not observed. Among various species of Gracilariales studied in this work, agar from Gracilaria verrucosa (floating type or sterile type) showed highest yield with gel strength 260 gm/cm 2 and viscosity 10 milipass. Based on the agar quality, in-vitro culture study was done on G. verrucosa. This study confirms Gracilariales as important indigenous seaweed which can be taken for large scale cultivation tool.

Agar Extraction, Physical Properties, FTIR Analysis and Biochemical Composition of Three Edible Species of Red Seaweeds Gracilaria corticata (J. Agardh), Gracilaria dentata (J. Agardh) and Gracilariopsis longissima (S. G. Gmelin)........

“…It is also composed of small proportions of monosaccharides and substituent groups known as disaccharide of hydroxyl groups with sulfate hemiesters and methyl ethers hemiesters and methyl ethers in various combination and more rarely with a cyclic pyruvate ketal as 4,6 O-[(R)-1-carboxyethylidene] acetal R 2C(OR') 2 (Cynthia Layse et al, 2011;Israel et al, 2010;Praiboon et al, 2006;Qari and Siddiqui, 1993). Gracilaria is the third largest genus in Rhodophyta, with more than 300 species, of which 180 species were accepted taxonomically (Sahu and Sahoo, 2013). The distributions of Gracilaria species is cosmopolitan and are commercially important in the production of phyco-colloid agar.…”

“…Gracilaria corticata, Gracilaria dentata and Gracilariopsis longissima species of Gracilaria/Gracilariopsis are mainly used for making food grade agar. They are utilized as human food, mostly in salads and soups, as feed for many animals, as potential source for nutrient removal for waste water treatment and as biomass for energy generation (Sahu and Sahoo, 2013). He was evaluated potential growth rates and dry weight yields of numerous species of red seaweeds.…”

“…Physical and chemical characterization of agar polysaccharides extracted from the Thai and Japanese species of Gracilaria have been studied (Praiboon et al, 2006). The morphology and agar contents in some important Gracilaria species of Indian coasts have also been demonstrated by Sahu and Sahoo (2013). Given the fact that the yield and physical properties of agar such as gelling temperature, gel melting point, gel strength as well as its chemical properties determine its value to the industry (Praiboon et al, 2006), studies have been conducted on the properties and seasonal variations of agar yield in Gracilaria sp.…”

Hasil Kandungan Agar Ekstraksi Non-Alkali Gracilaria sp. yang Tumbuh di Lingkungan Berbeda

“…. Metode ekstraksi non alkali dari Gracilaria dengan merebus dalam air/air suling pada suhu 90-95 0 C (Ahmad et al, 2011;Sahu & Sahoo, 2013;Yarnpakdee et al, 2015). Agar jenis ini bukan untuk industri bakteriologis, namun digunakan untuk industri makanan (Torres et al, 2019).…”

DNA extraction and amplification of the rbcL (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit) gene of red seaweed Gracilaria sp. from Bahoi Waters, North Minahasa Regency

“…Gracilaria terdiri dari 230 spesies (Lyra et al, 2015), yang habitatnya tersebar luas dari perairan pantai tropis, daerah temperatur sedang, sampai di daerah beriklim dingin. Jenis alga dari genus Gracilaria memiliki nilai ekonomis penting untuk memproduksi agar (Oyieke and Kokwaro, 1995;Vinobaba et al, 2016), menghasilkan etanol (Amanullah et al, 2013, sebagai pakan abalone (Iyer et al, 2004;Marinho-Sariano and Bourret, 2005), immunostimulan untuk udang (Maningas et al, 2013;Arizo et al, 2016), pengelolaan limbah (Sahu and Sahoo, 2013) serta untuk pengobatan penyakit (kanker, AIDS, peradangan, artritis, infeksi virus, bakteri dan jamur) (Almeida et al, 2011).…”