Study of nitrate contaminated samples from a historic building with the hygroscopic moisture content method: Contribution of laboratory data to interpret results practical significance

Nunes, Cristiana; Skružná, Olga; Válek, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2017.09.013

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Once deposited in the masonry, salts interact with the building fabric in several ways [2], the most common effects being: 1. Hygroscopic effect: salts absorb humidity from the surrounding environment, making the masonry damper [3]; 2. Damage by crystallization: drying salts crystallize and expand in volume, breaking down the masonry, causing significant damages [4][5].…”

Section: Introduction/backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

How salts affect the vapour permeability of old walls? Key differences between the vapour permeability of salty and non-salty masonries

Juhasz,

Gasz

2023

How Salts Affect the Vapour Permeability of Old Walls? Key Differences Between the Vapour Permeability of Salty and Non-Salty M

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Moisture is one of the main decay factors affecting old buildings. The movement of moisture is often accompanied by the presence of watersoluble salts which can impact the masonry in several ways. Present paper explores the differences in vapour permeability between salty and non-salty masonries, how salts impact both the moisture retention and free evaporation of moisture. It has been found that electrically charged salt ions hinder the free evaporation of moisture, contributing to the retention of moisture inside the masonry.Peer-review under the responsibility of the organizing committee of the ICMB23.

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Section: Introduction/backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

How salts affect the vapour permeability of old walls? Key differences between the vapour permeability of salty and non-salty masonries

Juhasz,

Gasz

2023

How Salts Affect the Vapour Permeability of Old Walls? Key Differences Between the Vapour Permeability of Salty and Non-Salty M

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“…In this sense, the sulfate and nitrate salts are the most dangerous compounds that are involved in the decay processes of the construction materials . In the last years, studies about nitrates and sulfates in different materials have increased . There are many factors that are involved in the formation of this kind of salts, such as the wet and dry deposition of acid SO 2 and NO X acid aerosols that can react with the carbonates from the materials giving rise to the corresponding sulfate or nitrate .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating sulfates and nitrates as enemies of the recent constructions: Spectroscopic and thermodynamical study

Morillas

Upasen

Maguregui

et al. 2018

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Salt crystallization is one of the major problems currently faced by the field of architecture and construction. Its effects are devastating to the extent that they may even lead to loss of material. Although many innovative and resistant materials have been developed in the last years, in most of the constructions, salt crystallization is a persistent problem. Salts crystallizations are formed by the dissolution and subsequent precipitation of the soluble salts present in the material itself or due to the formation of new ones because of the reaction between original components of the building materials with salts coming from infiltration waters or with acid aerosols present in the atmosphere. Among others, some of the most common salts that can crystallize in the building materials are nitrates and sulfates. Both of them are soluble compounds, which can mobilize throughout the material easily, reprecipitate, and generate volume changes responsible for fissures, fractures, and even the loss of building material. In this work, a specific study of salts crystallizations in a recent construction erected in 2013 in Amorebieta (Basque Country, North of Spain) using a different kind of materials has been studied. The materials affected by salts are joint mortars, which in a first step were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman microscopy to determine the mineralogical composition. In a second step, a soluble salts tests by ion chromatography was applied to approach quantitatively the impact of the salts. Finally, in a third step, the reactions that give rise to the decay products (thenardite, nitrocalcite, and/or epsomite mainly) were proposed and confirmed through a thermodynamic modelling.

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Raman Spectroscopy Against Harmful Nitrogen‐Based Compounds in Cultural Heritage Materials

Huidobro,

Arana,

Madariaga

2024

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Nitrogen‐based compounds are widespread in the environment due to various sources of natural and anthropogenic origin that introduce them from the most reducing form (the acidic ammonium cation) to the most oxidized (the nitrate anion). In addition, some environmental conditions, such as pH and redox potential, favor secondary reactions of nitrogenous compounds. An example of this is the harmful effect of nitrates on cultural heritage (CH), which poses a threat to its preservation. This is due to their high solubility and mobility, which allow them to penetrate the structure of the materials. As a result of their crystallization/dissolution and hydration/dehydration cycles, the precipitation of nitrate salts in the pores causes internal fractures, leading to the subsequent deterioration and loss of the material. The detection of these salts is a straightforward process in analytical chemistry, but it is imperative to use nondestructive and noninvasive analytical techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, because of the need to preserve CH. In this work, we have compiled the sources and pathways that contribute to the formation of nitrogen‐based compounds, especially nitrate salts in various CH components. Finally, the Raman spectrum characteristic of the nitrate family has also been explained, including the most damaging nitrates found in CH, such as niter, nitratine, nitrocalcite, nitromagnesite, nitrobarite, and nitrammite, and has been compiled. In addition, less common nitrates, some nitrites, and other ammonium compounds have been included in this database.

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Study of nitrate contaminated samples from a historic building with the hygroscopic moisture content method: Contribution of laboratory data to interpret results practical significance

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

How salts affect the vapour permeability of old walls? Key differences between the vapour permeability of salty and non-salty masonries

How salts affect the vapour permeability of old walls? Key differences between the vapour permeability of salty and non-salty masonries

Evaluating sulfates and nitrates as enemies of the recent constructions: Spectroscopic and thermodynamical study

Raman Spectroscopy Against Harmful Nitrogen‐Based Compounds in Cultural Heritage Materials

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