“…The global stability of these CFDST members is considerably enhanced, due to the presence of inner steel tubes and hence increasing the section modulus of CFDST columns (Elchalakani et al, 2018;Uenaka et al, 2010;Wei et al, 1994). Under various loading conditions, in experimental and finite element investigations, it has been observed that efficient interaction of outer tube, concrete core and inner tube results in better confinement of concrete core, enhanced local and global stability, better ductility and good damping characteristics, compared to CFT columns (Elchalakani et al, 2002(Elchalakani et al, , 2019Han et al, 2007;Hassan and Sivakamasundari, 2014;Shakir-Khalil, 1991;Tao et al, 2003;Yan et al, 2021;Zhao and Grzebieta, 2002). It has also been observed that the performance of CFDST columns, is better than RCC columns (Hassan and Bhat, 2021).…”