Study of the Immunohistochemical Expression of p63 in Benign Lesions and Carcinoma of the Breast at a Tertiary Hospital in South India

Abstract

Background: Invasive breast carcinoma is among the most common female cancers worldwide, causing high morbidity and mortality. Considerable disagreement in the interpretation of diagnostically challenging breast lesions based on histology alone has been documented. One of the essential histopathological findings that help distinguish benign from malignant lesions is the presence of the myoepithelial cell layer. Myoepithelial markers such as tumor protein 63 (p63) help distinguish invasive carcinoma from benign proliferations. p63 antibody is superior to other myoepithelial markers as it selectively stains the nuclei and is negative in stromal cells.Objective: To study the expression of p63 in various histological subtypes and grades of breast carcinomas.Methods: After routine hematoxylin and eosin stain, 65 cases of breast lesions were subjected to immunohistochemistry for p63 antigen using Novacastra ready-to-use monoclonal antibody p6. All cases were analyzed for p63 expression, and its staining arrangement was interpreted.Results: In all benign lesions, immunoreactivity was noted in the myoepithelial cells, forming a continuous layer surrounding the luminal epithelial cells. The benign papillary lesions showed p63 staining in the fibrovascular core of the papillary fronds and at the periphery. A few single myoepithelial cells stained by p63 were also seen scattered discontinuously in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). All invasive carcinomas and encapsulated papillary carcinomas were completely devoid of peripheral p63 staining of myoepithelial cells.Conclusion: p63 is a specific nuclear marker of myoepithelial cells in the breast and can, therefore, aid in distinguishing invasive ductal carcinoma from DCIS or rare questionable hyperplastic lesions. They also play a significant role in distinguishing various papillary lesions of the breast and, hence, can be incorporated into routine reporting for definitive diagnosis and accurate treatment.

Volumetric analysis of the terminal ductal lobular unit architecture and cell phenotypes in the human breast

“…The OPAL 7-plex immunolabelling panels were labelled at 2-3 z-positions per sample array and contained a range of established markers for the mammary epithelium [E-cadherin (CDH1), pankeratin], luminal epithelial cells [KRT8, KRT19, estrogen receptor (ER)], basal myoepithelial cells [p63, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA, not shown)] (Prabhu et al;Kumar et al, 2023), T-cells (CD3), stromal cells (S100A4, also known as FSP-1) (Fendt et al, 2023) and cell proliferation (Ki67) (van Dierendonck et al, 1989) (Fig. 3E).…”

Attention-Enhanced Unpaired xAI-GANs for Transformation of Histological Stain Images

“…Histological analysis, specifically Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, plays a crucial role in cancer detection [3]. In certain cancers, like metaplastic breast cancer, the p63 immunohistochemical stain becomes vital for identifying myoepithelial cell invasion, a marker of cancer [4]. The combination of H&E and p63 stains has been shown to enhance the accuracy of cancer diagnoses, including in breast and laryngeal cancers [5,6], aiding in differentiating invasive carcinoma from benign lesions.…”

Investigation of human papillomavirus types in HER2/Neu breast cancer samples among women in Ardabil province

“…This information is provided by https://www.breastcancer.org/ 1. Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 2. p63 is a speci c nuclear marker of myoepithelial cells in the breast and can, therefore, aid in distinguishing invasive ductal carcinoma from DCIS or rare questionable hyperplastic lesions[50]. 3.…”