Study of the Physicochemical Properties of Tulobuterol Dry Syrups Using Taste and Smell Sensors

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the taste and smell of Tulobuterol Dry Syrup (TB-DS) in its original form (formulation A) and generic form (formulations B and C) by means of gustatory sensation tests and taste and smell sensors. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the syrups in a solid state were compared. Evaluation of sweetness with a powdered sample revealed significant differences between formulation A and formulation B and between formulation B and formulation C. In contrast, the results of principal component analysis (PCA) with a taste sensor revealed differences in principal component 1 (PC 1) among formulations A, B, and C. Smell sensor measurement of powdered samples revealed differences in products in terms of only PC 1, but these results were not related to the results of gustatory sensation testing with a smell sensor. Measurement of particle size distribution and scanning electron microscopy revealed differences in the particle diameter and particle surface shape for each product. Formulation B had the strongest absorption in the near-infrared spectrum, followed by formulation A and then formulation C. Accordingly, differences in preparations were presumably caused by variations in manufacturing specifications, such as types of additives and their content and coating methods used. In other words, the characteristics of each product were revealed by evaluation of their physical properties, sensing of taste and smell, and human gustatory sensation tests.

Acceptability of generic versus innovator oral medicines: not only a matter of taste

“…Although these results were based on human testing (e.g., child's evaluation and observer reports), innovator and generic formulations could be also distinguished using biomimetic taste-sensing systems [35]. These instrumental results were often correlated with those from gustatory sensation tests performed by well-trained adult volunteers [36][37][38].…”

“…J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f [36] Tulobuterol Dry Syrup in original form and two generic forms Acceptability issues with original oral solution of memantine driven by palatability. According to CAST, coated tablet, which created a physical barrier between memantine hydrochloride and taste buds, was well accepted in older population, which was not the case for the oral solution.…”

Usability of theophylline extended-release dry syrups

“…1 Recently, many drugs have been prepared as dry syrups because they are easy to consume. [2][3][4][5][6] Theophylline extended-release dry syrups are frequently used for the treatment of asthma and asthmatic bronchitis in the clinical setting. 7 In addition to the dry syrup formulation Theo-Dur V R , 7 several generic formulations are also commercially available.…”

Taste and dissolution of theophylline extended-release dry syrups

“…1 Recently, dry syrups have been applied to various drugs as a dosage form that is easy to take. [2][3][4][5][6] Theophylline extended-release dry syrups are clinically used for the treatment of asthma and asthmatic bronchitis in children. 7 In addition to THEODUR V R dry syrup as a branded formulation, 7 several generic formulations have also become available.…”