Study of the Solid-State Synthesis of Nickel Ferrite (NiFe2O4) by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract

Spinel ferrite compounds continue to receive a lot of attention due to their unique properties. Among the numerous synthesis routes existing, the solid-state method was applied for the production of nickel ferrite, by introducing the use of a quartz vial. A mixture of nickel oxide (NiO) and hematite (Fe2O3) was ground and vacuum-sealed in the vial and different thermal treatment programs were tested. The resulting particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. For temperatures, below 1000 °C, the solid-state reaction is not complete as nickel oxide (NiO) and hematite (Fe2O3) are still present. The reaction time is a decisive parameter for the morphology of the particles obtained. If, for different reaction times, the particle size distribution is always between 0.3 and 1.7 µm, a longer reaction time leads to the formation of dense, interconnected clusters of particles. Optimal parameters to synthesize a pure phase of spherical nickel ferrite were sought and found to be a reaction temperature of 1000 °C for 72 h.

Ag nanoparticles supported on a magnetic NiFe2O4/MIL-101(Fe) metal–organic framework nanocomposite for the room temperature rapid catalytic reduction of nitrophenols and nitroanilines

“…S4c, ESI†). 74–76 The obtained results from the Raman spectra of the Ag@NiFe 2 O 4 /MIL101(Fe) ternary nanocomposite confirm the previous findings of successful nanocomposite synthesis.…”

“…The Raman spectrum of NiFe 2 O 4 shows two absorption bands at 687 and 470 cm À1 (Fig.S4b, ESI †). Raman spectrum of the Ag@NiFe 2 O 4 /MIL101(Fe) ternary nanocomposite shows the main peaks of MIL101(Fe) as well as the weak peaks of NiFe 2 O 4 (Fig.S4c, ESI †) [74][75][76]. The obtained results from the Raman spectra of the Ag@NiFe 2 O 4 /MIL101(Fe) ternary nanocomposite confirm the previous findings of successful nanocomposite synthesis.…”

Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) in the presence of the optimized nano-ternary transition metal ferrite CoNiZnFe2O4

“…A total of five Raman active modes were found to be present in CoNiZnFe 2 O 4 between 100-1200 cm À1 , which was in agreement with the previous studies. 28,29 The peaks found between 100 cm À1 and 800 cm À1 correspond to 3T 2g , E g , and A 1g molecular orbitals belonging to the polarized stretching and bending modes of metal-metal and metal-oxygen bonds (Zn-O; Ni-O; Co-O; Fe-O). Moreover, peaks present at Raman shift 800 cm À1 to 1200 cm À1 are associated with ternary metals and spinel-structured metal oxides molecular vibrations.…”

“…The peaks were obtained at higher Raman shifts compared to those from previous studies. 28,29 This could be assigned to the size effect of the nanoparticles.…”

The Influence of Li+ and K+ Added Cations and Annealing Temperature on the Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Mg-Zn Ferrite

“…The main inconvenience of spinel magnesium-based ceramic materials is their high annealing temperature, over 1300 °C, which causes significant material loss and large energy consumption. Magnetic and dielectric properties of ferrites can be enhanced or altered by modifying various added metallic cations and the sintering temperature and/or time [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Magnetic and dielectric properties of spinel ferrites AB 2 O 4 are also dependent on the distribution of A and B cations in tetrahedral or octahedral sites, respectively.…”