Study of the urinary and faecal excretion of N ε-carboxymethyllysine in young human volunteers

Abstract

The dietary habits of the adolescent population with a high intake of snack and fast foods mean that they consume a high rate of which in turn leads to the development of different degenerative disorders. There are few studies available on MRP absorption and metabolism. We investigated the effects of a MRP-high and a MRP-low diet on carboxymethyllysine (CML) intake and excretion in 11-14 years adolescent males. In a 2-period crossover trial, 20 healthy subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group consumed the MRP-low diet for 2 weeks, observed a 40-day washout period, and then consumed the MRP-high diet for 2 weeks. The second group received the diets in the reverse order. Subjects collected urine and faeces on the last 3 days of each dietary period. The consumption of the MRP-high diet led to a higher CML input (P < 0.05) (11.28 vs. 5.36 mg/day CML for MRP-high and -low diet, respectively). In parallel, the faecal excretion was also greater (P < 0.05) (3.52 vs. 1.23 mg/day CML, respectively) and proportional to the dietary intake. The urinary elimination of CML was not increased significantly when the MRP-high diet was consumed compared to consumption of the MRP-low diet, and was not proportional to the dietary exposure of CML. In conclusion it was shown that CML absorption and faecal excretion were highly influenced by dietary CML levels. Since the compound has long-term effects on health, an excessive intake deserves attention, especially in a population nutritionally at risk as adolescents.

Urinary excretion of dietary Maillard reaction products in healthy adult female cats1,2

“…increase in daily urinary excretion (Delgado-Andrade et al, 2012). For the moist cat foods in the present study, the result for FL was strongly influenced by food 4, which contained a 3-fold higher FL content compared to the other 5 foods.…”

“…In Somoza et al (2006), urinary recovery of CML increased with increased dietary intake from 26% to 29%, which is in contrast to the results in the present study. However, urinary recovery of CML in human adolescents decreased significantly with increasing dietary CML intake (Delgado-Andrade et al, 2012). In addition, urinary recovery of dietary CML decreased from 38% to 23% in rats fed an unextruded (low CML) and extruded protein diet (high CML; Alamir et al, 2013).…”

“…It is known that microbiota in the large intestine metabolize and/or degrade FL into different, unknown components that are absorbed in the intestine or excreted in the feces (Somoza, 2005). It is suggested that CML and LAL can be degraded by colonic microbiota as well (Delgado-Andrade et al, 2012;Friedman, 1999), although the microbial degradability may be lower, as suggested by the higher recovery of CML and LAL compared with that of FL in feces of rats (Somoza et al, 2006). Whether the FL, CML, and LAL that were not absorbed and that entered the large intestine in the current study were metabolized by gut microbiota or excreted in feces remains unknown.…”

The gastro-intestinal tract as the major site of biological action of dietary melanoidins

“…Second, although melanoidins are consumed regularly as part of the daily human diet, they are generally considered as poorly absorbable and poorly bio-available compounds (Faist and Erbersdobler 2001). The absorption of the melanoidins depends on their molecular weight and solubility (Finot and Magnenat 1981;Alamir et al 2013;Nakano et al 2013;Delgado-Andrade et al 2013;Hellwig et al 2014). The absorption of the low molecular weight and water-soluble melanoidins seems to be favoured.…”

DETERMINATION OF ADVANCED GLYCATION (AGEs) AND LIPOXIDATION (ALEs) END PRODUCTS IN FOODS AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS: ADVANCES, CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES

“…87 Outra investigação que utilizou métodos cromatográ-ficos para mensurar o conteúdo em CML como marcador de AGEs em refeições consumidas, sangue, urina e fezes de adolescentes confirmou que a absorção e a excreção fecal da CML são altamente influenciadas pela dieta, mas apontou a necessidade de investigações adicionais a fim de esclarecer mais detalhadamente os mecanismos de absorção, órgãos ou tecidos-alvo de acúmulo da CML, bem como o real impacto à saúde dessas glicotoxinas dietéticas. 88 Sugere-se que a CML seja absorvida no epitélio intestinal através de difusão simples, mas verificou-se que CML, CEL e MG-H1 (imidazolona derivada de MG) em dipeptídeos são carreados por transportadores de peptídeos, em especial pelo PEPT1 (peptide transporter 1), sendo esse também o sistema de absorção da pirralina. [89][90][91][92] Havendo absorção intestinal, a distribuição e o destino metabólico dos AGEs são também amplamente desconhecidos.…”