Study of various diameter and functionality of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers on paraquat adsorptions

Huang, Chih‐Feng; Tu, Cheng-Wei; Lee, Rong-Ho; Yang, Cheng‐Han; Hung, Wei-Chen; Lin, Kun‐Yi Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.01.023

Cited by 54 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As shown in Scheme 1a, TOCNs were prepared according to the literature [4,49,50]. Paper pulp (15 g) was dispersed in 1000 mL of DI water with vigorous stirring for a few hours and then the filtrate was collected and washed with water to remove impurities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polysaccharide chains aggregate in the presence of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding to form large bundles with tens of micrometers in width. The fibril bundles concurrently form well-packing chains and hierarchical structures, resulting in high crystallinity [4,5,6]. Thus, great attention has been paid to cellulose as an excellent candidate for making an alternative type of sustainable, renewable, and biodegradable filler within polymeric composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modified products (TOCN–Br) were subsequently grafted with polystyrene (PSt) by the surface-initiated (SI) normal ATRP method. We not only controlled PSt chains length grafted from TOCN surface with low PDI, but also demonstrated the resulting TOCN– g –PSt nanomaterials as an efficient adsorbent for the persistent organic pollutant (i.e., 1,2,4–trichlorobenzene), heavy metal ions (i.e., Cu 2+ and Cr 3+ ), and paraquat [4,5] in aqueous solution. However, a relatively high amount of copper catalyst was typically used to conduct normal ATRP (>2000 ppm), requiring repeated purification steps of dispersion-and-precipitation to remove the catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface-Initiated Initiators for Continuous Activator Regeneration (SI ICAR) ATRP of MMA from 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–1–oxy (TEMPO) Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers for the Preparations of PMMA Nanocomposites

Tsai

Chang

et al. 2019

Polymers

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An effective method of oxidation from paper pulps via 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–1–oxy (TEMPO) compound to obtain TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNs) was demonstrated. Following by acylation, TOCN having an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiating site of bromoisobutyryl moiety (i.e., TOCN–Br) was successfully obtained. Through a facile and practical technique of surface-initiated initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization (SI ICAR ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) from TOCN–Br, controllable grafting polymer chain lengths (Mn = ca. 10k–30k g/mol) with low polydispersity (PDI < 1.2) can be achieved to afford TOCN–g–Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanomaterials. These modifications were monitored by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and water contact angle analysis. Eventually, TOCN–g–PMMA/PMMA composites were prepared using the solvent blending method. Compared to the pristine PMMA (Tg = 100 °C; tensile strength (σT) = 17.1 MPa), the composites possessed high transparency with enhanced thermal properties and high tensile strength (Tg = 110 °C and σT = 37.2 MPa in 1 wt% TOCN containing case) that were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile tests. We demonstrated that minor amounts of TOCN–g–PMMA nanofillers can provide high efficacy in improving the mechanical and thermal properties of PMMA matrix.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface-Initiated Initiators for Continuous Activator Regeneration (SI ICAR) ATRP of MMA from 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–1–oxy (TEMPO) Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers for the Preparations of PMMA Nanocomposites

Tsai

Chang

et al. 2019

Polymers

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“…Physical [ 12 , 13 ], biological [ 14 , 15 ], and chemical treatments [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] have all been reported in the literature for PQ removal. An adsorption process has recently been investigated for PQ removal, which was applied for both organic and inorganic materials such as bio-based material [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], bentonite [ 26 , 27 ], microorganisms [ 28 ], activated carbon [ 29 , 30 ], kaolin [ 31 ], pillararene [ 32 , 33 ], calixarene [ 34 , 35 , 36 ], graphene oxide [ 37 ], carbon nanotubes [ 38 , 39 ], silica [ 40 , 41 ], magnetic adsorbent [ 42 , 43 ], montmorillonite [ 44 , 45 ], cellulose nanofiber [ 46 , 47 ], and cyclodextrin [ 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Paraquat by Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges

2021

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The contamination of hydrosoluble pesticides in water could generate a serious problem for biotic and abiotic components. The removal of a hazardous agrochemical (paraquat) from water was achieved by adsorption processes using poly(vinyl alcohol)-cyclodextrin nanosponges, which were prepared with various formulations via the crosslinking between citric acid and β-cyclodextrin in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol). The physicochemical properties of nanosponges were also characterized by different techniques, such as gravimetry, thermogravimetry, microscopy (SEM and Stereo), spectroscopy (UV-visible, NMR, ATR-FTIR, and Raman), acid-base titration, BET surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction, and ion exchange capacity. The C10D-P2 nanosponges displayed 60.2% yield, 3.14 mmol/g COOH groups, 0.335 mmol/g β-CD content, 96.4% swelling, 94.5% paraquat removal, 0.1766 m2 g−1 specific surface area, and 5.2 × 10−4 cm3 g−1 pore volume. The presence of particular peaks referring to specific functional groups on spectroscopic spectra confirmed the successful polycondensation on the reticulated nanosponges. The pseudo second-order model (with R2 = 0.9998) and Langmuir isotherm (with R2 = 0.9979) was suitable for kinetics and isotherm using 180 min of contact time and a pH of 6.5. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated at 112.2 mg/g. Finally, the recyclability of these nanosponges was 90.3% of paraquat removal after five regeneration times.

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“…Additionally, the repulsions among surface carboxylate groups promote TOCNs to disperse in aqueous or high-polar organic solvents. In recent studies, TOCNs were hybridized with the matrix to construct a porous 3D framework for fabricating TOCN/hydrogels [36][37][38][39] or TOCN/polymer composites [40][41][42][43][44] thermo-responsive hydrogels to efficiently inhibit post-surgical peritoneal adhesions [37]. Li et al incorporated TOCN into polyacrylamide-based shape memory hydrogels to improve the mechanical properties [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparations of Tough and Conductive PAMPS/PAA Double Network Hydrogels Containing Cellulose Nanofibers and Polypyrroles

Tsai

Chen

et al. 2020

Polymers

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To afford an intact double network (sample abbr.: DN) hydrogel, two-step crosslinking reactions of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (i.e., PAMPS first network) and then poly(acrylic acid) (i.e., PAA second network) were conducted both in the presence of crosslinker (N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA)). Similar to the two-step processes, different contents of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN: 1, 2, and 3 wt.%) were initially dispersed in the first network solutions and then crosslinked. The TOCN-containing PAMPS first networks subsequently soaked in AA and crosslinker and conducted the second network crosslinking reactions (TOCN was then abbreviated as T for DN samples). As the third step, various (T–)DN hydrogels were then treated with different concentrations of FeCl3(aq) solutions (5, 50, 100, and 200 mM). Through incorporations of ferric ions into (T–)DN hydrogels, notably, three purposes are targeted: (i) strengthen the (T–)DN hydrogels through ionic bonding, (ii) significantly render ionic conductivity of hydrogels, and (iii) serve as a catalyst for the forth step to proceed with in situ chemical oxidative polymerizations of pyrroles to afford polypyrrole-containing (sample abbr.: Py) hydrogels [i.e., (T–)Py–DN samples]. The characteristic functional groups of PAMPS, PAA, and Py were confirmed by FT–IR. Uniform microstructures were observed by cryo scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). These results indicated that homogeneous composites of T–Py–DN hydrogels were obtained through the four-step process. All dry samples showed similar thermal degradation behaviors from the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The T2–Py5–DN sample (i.e., containing 2 wt.% TOCN with 5 mM FeCl3(aq) treatment) showed the best tensile strength and strain at breaking properties (i.e., σTb = 450 kPa and εTb = 106%). With the same compositions, a high conductivity of 3.34 × 10−3 S/cm was acquired. The tough T2–Py5–DN hydrogel displayed good conductive reversibility during several “stretching-and-releasing” cycles of 50–100–0%, demonstrating a promising candidate for bioelectronic or biomaterial applications.

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Study of various diameter and functionality of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers on paraquat adsorptions

Cited by 54 publications

References 41 publications

Surface-Initiated Initiators for Continuous Activator Regeneration (SI ICAR) ATRP of MMA from 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–1–oxy (TEMPO) Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers for the Preparations of PMMA Nanocomposites

Surface-Initiated Initiators for Continuous Activator Regeneration (SI ICAR) ATRP of MMA from 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–1–oxy (TEMPO) Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers for the Preparations of PMMA Nanocomposites

Adsorption of Paraquat by Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges

Preparations of Tough and Conductive PAMPS/PAA Double Network Hydrogels Containing Cellulose Nanofibers and Polypyrroles

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