Study on an Optimal Strut-And-Tie Model for Concrete Deep Beams

Chen, Haitao; Wang, Lai; Zhong, Jitao

doi:10.3390/app9173637

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Only the analysis and design of B-regions can proceed on a sectional basis for which plane sections remain plane, whereas the analysis and design of D-regions must proceed on a regional basis. Some of the many references are [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Statement Of the Issue Being Addressedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Concentrated Loads Using Externally Bonded Fiber Composite Materials

Foraboschi

2022

Materials

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Renovation, restoration, remodeling, refurbishment, and the retrofitting of buildings often imply applying forces (i.e., concentrated loads) to beams that before were subjected to distributed loads only. In the case of reinforced concrete structures, the new condition causes a beam to bear a concentrated load with the crack pattern that resulted from the distributed loads which had acted before. If the concentrated load is applied at or near the beam’s midspan, the new shear demand reaches the maximum where cracks are vertical or quasi-vertical, and where inclined bars are not common according to any standards. So, the actual shear capacity can be substantially lower than new shear demand due to the concentrated load. This paper focuses on reinforced concrete beams whose load distribution has to be changed from distributed to concentrated and presents a design method to bring the beam’s shear capacity up to the new demand. The method consists of applying fiber composites (fiber-reinforced polymers or fiber-reinforced cementitious material) with fibers at an angle of 45° bonded to the beam’s web. This kind of external reinforcement arrangement has to comply with some practical measures, which are presented as well. The paper also provides the analytical model that predicts the concentrated load-carrying capacity of a beam in the strengthened state. The model accounts for the crack’s verticality, which nullifies the contributions of steel stirrups, aggregate interlock, and dowel action, and for the effective bond length of each fiber, which depends on the distance between the ends of the fiber and the crack it crosses.

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Section: Statement Of the Issue Being Addressedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Concentrated Loads Using Externally Bonded Fiber Composite Materials

Foraboschi

2022

Materials

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“…In this method, both concrete and rebar are analyzed together, but only the latter is optimized to make its topology, namely the optimal distribution of stressed rebar evolves directly. Preliminary verification indicates that members constructed based on this scheme exhibit favorable mechanical performance (Jewett and Carstensen 2019;Chen et al 2019;Leugering et al 2014). By introducing the rebar diameter as an adjustable parameter in the optimization process (Zhang et al 2022), rebar topologies that are more suitable for the design requirements of actual engineering can be obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The GBESO Method Based on FEA with Discrete Models and Application for Aided Design to Members in RC D-Region

Zhang,

Kang,

et al. 2024

ACT

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To better utilize topology optimization theory to assist in designing reinforced concrete (RC) D-region members, a novel application mode, the Genetic Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (GBESO) method based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with discrete models is proposed. Correspondingly a design method for reinforcement layout of RC D-region members is also derived. Non-linear FEA verification is conducted on numerical examples involving deep beams with openings. The results demonstrate that the GBESO algorithm exhibits better global optimization capacities compared to Evolutionary Structural Optimization-type (ESO-type) algorithms. It also provides rebar topologies that are more in line with the optimization objective, bringing lower steel consumption and higher rebar utilization rates. Moreover, by introducing inclined rebar to the members, their shear strength is enhanced to a level comparable to the flexural one, significantly improving ultimate load-bearing capacity, elastoplastic deformation capacity, and better ductility compared to empirical method.

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“…Chen, Wang and Zhong, [9], tested two groups of concrete deep beams, four in the group, differently reinforced and designed by Strut-and-Tie method. First group of beams are simply supported deep beams with variable cross sections and openings and is subjected to a concentrated force at the beam top.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Testing of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Designed by Strut-and-Tie Method

Starčev-Ćurčin¹,

Rašeta²,

Malešev³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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This paper presents the results of the experimental research and numerical analysis of three reinforced concrete deep beams with openings, designed by the Strut-and-Tie method according to the EN 1992-1-1 recommendations. All tested specimens were made in full size, with the same geometric characteristics and quality of the materials. The specimens, constructed as simply supported beams, were loaded with two concentrated forces and were tested for bending until failure. Each specimen was reinforced with different reinforcement layout determined by parameter variation within the Strut-and-Tie method. Based on the results of experimental research, it was concluded that the behavior of loaded members was in agreement with the proposed forms of the Strut-and-Tie models that were used for their design.

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Study on an Optimal Strut-And-Tie Model for Concrete Deep Beams

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Concentrated Loads Using Externally Bonded Fiber Composite Materials

Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Concentrated Loads Using Externally Bonded Fiber Composite Materials

The GBESO Method Based on FEA with Discrete Models and Application for Aided Design to Members in RC D-Region

Experimental Testing of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Designed by Strut-and-Tie Method

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