Study on effects of sweating treatment and different drying methods on the quality of Gentianae macrophyllae Radix

Chen, Qianliang; Shi, Zhangyan; Wang, Yedan; Zhang, Run; Hu, He-He

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-88511-1

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…As to G. macrophyllae Radix ( Qinjiao ), there are two kinds of processing methods in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, namely, sweating and without sweating. According to Chen et al (2021), the contents of effective components (gentiopicroside and loganin acid) in the G. macrophyllae Radix samples dried after sweating treatment were significantly lower than those without sweating. In this study, the results showed that the DNA integrity was not affected significantly by sweating or not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sweating is a special treatment used for the drying of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. Usually, herbs are slightly sun-dried, baked, or steamed and then stacked and wrapped to increase their temperature and make the internal water overflow (Chen et al, 2021). Each drying group was further divided into sliced and whole root groups, and the one with rhizomes removed was designated as a separate group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, an effective system for evaluating the integrity of the genomic DNA of herbal medicines is warranted. The effects of processing methods, such as boiling, steaming, and sweating, on the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of genuine herbal medicines have been extensively studied (Chen et al, 2021; Duan et al, 2022; Jin et al, 2018; Xing et al, 2021; Zhao et al, 2010b). Several drying and processing methods exist for raw Chinese medicines, but their effects on genomic DNA integrity remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the Genomic DNA Degradation Rate of the Chinese Herb Gentianae crassicaulis Radix During Processing and Storage

ShaoHua

et al. 2023

Pharmacognosy Magazine

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Background Accurate identification of Chinese herbal medicines is the basis for their research and utilization. Molecular identification can effectively differentiate original plants from counterfeit plants. The quality of genomic DNA is an important factor affecting molecular identification. However, the processing can lead to DNA degradation of the herbal medicines, which can make it difficult for their molecular identification. Objectives To establish a genomic DNA degradation model of Gentiana crassicaulis Radix to evaluate the effects of processing methods and storage times on genomic DNA integrity. Materials and Methods A genomic DNA degradation model of G. crassicaulis—the original plant source of the Chinese herbal medicine G. crassicaulis Radix—was established using a steam heating method. Genomic DNA integrity of G. crassicaulis Radix was evaluated using capillary electrochromatography (CEC) fingerprinting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of DNA barcoding markers following different processing and drying methods, including slicing (sliced roots), no slicing (whole roots), stoving, air drying, and sweating. Results CEC fingerprinting and DNA barcoding PCR effectively evaluated genomic DNA integrity. Compared to whole roots, sliced roots better helped maintain genomic DNA integrity. As the storage time increased, the integrity of the genomic DNA reduced; the integrity of the genomic DNA of sliced roots was greater than that of whole roots. Furthermore, the interactions between slicing and drying methods possibly reduced the genomic DNA integrity. Conclusion A genomic DNA degradation model and an evaluation system for herbal medicines were established. Our findings can help optimize the method for processing G. crassicaulis Radix and establish the traceability of genuine herbal medicines. Key Message The quality of genomic DNA is an important factor affecting molecular identification, which is essential to determine original plants. The results of our study can help develop a method for processing G. crassicaulis Radix and enable the traceability of genuine herbal medicines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determination of the Genomic DNA Degradation Rate of the Chinese Herb Gentianae crassicaulis Radix During Processing and Storage

ShaoHua

et al. 2023

Pharmacognosy Magazine

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“…Then, the samples were split into two parts. One part was used for UPLC-Q-TOF MS analysis and was quickly dried in an oven at 100 °C after being shredded [ 16 ]. The other part was collected in RNase-free tubes and quick-frozen in liquid nitrogen, before being stored at −80 °C in a refrigerator for later use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Transcriptomic with UPLC-Q-Exactive MS Reveals Differences in Gene Expression and Components of Iridoid Biosynthesis in Various Parts of Gentiana macrophylla

Kou

et al. 2022

Genes

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Gentiana macrophylla Pall. (G. macrophylla)—a member of the family Gentianaceae—is a well-known traditional Chinese medical herb. Iridoids are the main active components of G. macrophylla, which has a wide range of pharmacological activities such as dispelling wind, eliminating dampness, clearing heat and asthenic fever, hepatoprotective and choleretic actions, and other medicinal effects. In this study, a total of 67,048 unigenes were obtained by transcriptomic sequencing analysis of G. macrophylla. A BLAST analysis showed that 48.21%, 33.66%, 46.32%, and 32.62% of unigenes were identified in the NR, Swiss-Prot, eggNOG, and KEGG databases, respectively. Twenty-five key enzymes were identified in the iridoid biosynthesis pathway. Most of the upregulated unigenes were enriched in flowers and leaves. The trustworthiness of the transcriptomic data was validated by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 22 chemical constituents were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive MS), including 10 iridoids. A correlation analysis showed that the expression of 7-DLH and SLS was closely related to iridoids. The expression of 7-DLH and SLS was higher in flowers, indicating that flowers are important for iridoid biosynthesis in G. macrophylla.

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“…Meanwhile, the empirical theory of quality assessment from the character identification of TCM would be interpreted objectively based on the correlational analyses between appearance characteristics and active ingredients [ 3 ]. A growing number of researchers focus on the correlation between sensory features and chemical components, but research on single appearance signature are relatively common; for example, main active ingredients and quantitative color values were important bases for the quality evaluation of Gentianae macrophyllae radix with different drying methods [ 4 ]. The quality of Corni Fructus was closely related to its color, so it can be identified and graded by exterior color [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method for Quality Evaluation of Gardeniae fructus Praeparatus during Heat Processing Based on Sensory Characteristics and Chemical Compositions

et al. 2022

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The intrinsic chemical components and sensory characteristics of Gardeniae fructus Praeparatus (GFP) directly reflect its quality and subsequently, affect its clinical curative effect. However, there is little research on the correlation between the appearance traits and chemical compositions of GFP during heat processing. In this study, the major components of five typical processed decoction pieces of GFP were determined. With the deepening of processing, the contents of geniposidic acid and 5-HMF gradually increased, while the contents of deacetyl-asperulosidic acid methyl ester, gardenoside, and two pigments declined. Moreover, the electronic eye, electronic tongue, and electronic nose were applied to quantify GFP’s sensory properties. It was found that the chroma values showed a downward trend during the processing of GFP. The results of odor showed that ammonia, alkenes, hydrogen, and aromatic compounds were the material base for aroma characteristics. Complex bitterness in GF was more obvious than that in other GFP processed products. Furthermore, one mathematical model was established to evaluate the correlation between the sensory characteristics and chemical composition of GFP during five different stages. A cluster analysis and neural network analysis contributed to recognizing the processing stage of GFP. This study provided an alternative method for the exterior and interior correlation-based quality evaluation of herbs.

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Study on effects of sweating treatment and different drying methods on the quality of Gentianae macrophyllae Radix

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Determination of the Genomic DNA Degradation Rate of the Chinese Herb Gentianae crassicaulis Radix During Processing and Storage

Determination of the Genomic DNA Degradation Rate of the Chinese Herb Gentianae crassicaulis Radix During Processing and Storage

A Comparative Transcriptomic with UPLC-Q-Exactive MS Reveals Differences in Gene Expression and Components of Iridoid Biosynthesis in Various Parts of Gentiana macrophylla

A Novel Method for Quality Evaluation of Gardeniae fructus Praeparatus during Heat Processing Based on Sensory Characteristics and Chemical Compositions

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