Study on evaluation of silage from pineapple (Ananas comosus) fruit residue as livestock feed

Abstract

Pineapple is a commercially important fruit crop grown in Asian and African countries. Pineapple fruit residue (PFR) accounts for more than 65% of the processed fruits, and its disposal is a major problem due to its high moisture and sugar content predisposing it to fungal growth and spoilage. Silage technique was adopted to address this problem, and the PFR silage was evaluated for its feeding value. It was observed that on 15th day, the pH of PFR silage was 4.2-4.3 and lactic acid content was 6-8% (DM basis). Combination of 4 parts leafy crown and 1 part peels/pomace was found very ideal to achieve moisture content of 65-70% and produced a good quality silage with minimum fungal count (<3-4 colony forming units) on 15th day of ensiling. Nutritive value in terms of energy and minerals was superior to maize green fodder. Feeding trial in two groups of sheep with 10 numbers in each group fed total mixed ration (TMR) comprising 62% PFR/maize silage and 48% concentrate mixture (DM basis) for 75-day period did not show any adverse effects on nutrient utilization (DM, CP, NDF, ADF), serum biochemical (total protein, creatinine, urea nitrogen, SGOT, SGPT), and mineral profile (Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn) and supported a daily growth rate of 140 g. The overall performance was similar to those sheep fed TMR with maize green fodder silage. Feeding PFR silage replacing hybrid napier green fodder in two groups of cows with eight in each group showed an improvement in average daily milk yield by 3.0 lit per cow and fat content by 0.6 U fed PFR silage-based TMR as compared to cows fed hybrid napier green fodder-based TMR. In both studies (sheep or cows), there was no evidence of metabolic or health-related disorders indicating that PFR silage was effectively utilized. Pineapple fruit residue that was hitherto wasted was successfully converted to silage and was found to be a valuable alternative to conventional green fodder. Ensiling of PFR not only improved the economics of feeding but also helped in overcoming the disposal problem.

Carcass yield, cuts and body components in lambs fed a pineapple by-product silage diet

“…In addition, the results of carcass weight confirmed the data published by Cutrim et al (2013) in which the final BW and daily weight gain were not affected by pineapple by-product silage feeding. Gowda et al (2015) also verified the same daily weight gain in lambs fed a pineapple by-product In regression equations "x" means "proportion of byproduct silage". silage diet, which, support desired growth rate and did not have any adverse effects on nutrient utilization and general health.…”

Feeding pineapple waste silage as roughage source improved the nutrient intakes, energy status and growth performances of growing Myanmar local cattle

“…Concerning the feed intake of cattle fed on PWS, Gowda et al [ 4 ] reported that replacement of PWS in Napier green fodder showed no significant effect on nutrient intakes of Holstein Friesian dairy cows. Moreover, Hattakum et al [ 5 ] also stated that the replacement of PWS in NGS decreased feed intake of Holstein steer.…”

“…As the preservation, ensiling has been considered for more extended storage of those materials. Ensiling of pineapple waste has benefits for improving the economics of feeding as well as overcoming the disposal problem [ 4 ].…”

“…Feeding pineapple peel ensiled with bagasse and vinasse increased nutrient intake and average daily gain (ADG) of fattening Thai steers compared with feeding sweet corn husks and cob ensiled with bagasse and vinasse [ 9 ]. Likewise, the replacement of PWS in Napier green fodder improved average daily milk yield and milk fat content without increasing nutrient intakes in Holstein Friesian dairy cows and no effect on nutrient intakes and growth performances in lambs [ 4 ]. Hattakum et al [ 5 ] also reported that the replacement of PWS in Napier grass silage (NGS) increased the weight gain of Holstein steer without improving feed intake.…”

Melão in natura como dieta exclusiva para bovinos: um estudo de caso

“…Neste trabalho não foram verificadas alterações nos padrões de atividades destas enzimas demonstrando assim que a dieta exclusiva de melão provavelmente não provocou danos significativos ao fígado que comprometesse a função desse órgão na manutenção metabólica dos animais deste experimento. Gowda et al (2015), ao examinarem a possibilidade de usar o resíduo fermentado de abacaxi na alimentação de animais como um novo recurso alimentar verificaram que os parâmetros bioquímicos do sangue AST e ALT (139 e 19.5 UI/L, respectivamente) não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos de borregos alimentados com milho ou silagem de abacaxi e os valores estavam dentro da faixa fisiológica, sugerindo que a alimentação com a silagem não teve nenhum efeito adverso na saúde geral dos cordeiros. Rizzo et al (2015), ao relatarem um caso de indigestão causado pela ingestão de manga (Mangifera indica) por uma vaca leiteira (¾ holandês x ¼ Gir), observaram que o consumo excessivo e não adaptado da fruta, sendo retirados 174 caroços do rúmen do animal, apresentou, através do exame bioquímico, resultado que denota o comprometimento hepático (ALT: 26 UI/L e AST 460 UI/L).…”