Study on experiment and mechanism of thermal dissolved sulfuration of low grade lead-zinc oxide ore in lanpin

Phase transformation analysis and process optimisation of low-grade lead–zinc oxysulphide ore carbothermal reduction

“…4(a), the reactions expressed in eqn (2)-( 5) are reductions of metal oxides in the presence of carbon; the critical temperatures at which these reactions proceed spontaneously are 720, 744, 672, and 1185 1C, respectively. The carbothermal reduction of zinc sulphide with CaO [eqn (6)] and the Boudouard reaction [eqn (7)] have a critical temperature of 992 1C and 700 1C, respectively. As shown in Fig.…”

“…When the reduction temperature was increased to 1000 1C, ZnFe 3 O 4 was completely decomposed into Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO. 25,30,46,47 In the reduction temperature range of 1000-1100 1C, the (Fe x ,Zn 1 À x )S diffraction peak intensities decreased, which may be attributable to the fact that the zinc sulphide reaction [eqn (6)] can proceed spontaneously when the temperature is greater than 1000 1C, and a higher temperature is more favourable. 29,43 When the reduction temperature was increased to 1150 1C, the (Fe x ,Zn 1Àx )S phase disappeared completely.…”

“…The ore possesses a highly valuable metal content, high comprehensive utilisation value, and brittle minerals; thus, it may be easily mudded during mining and crushing. [2][3][4][5][6] The aforementioned mineral characteristics indicate that the comprehensive utilisation of low-grade lead-zinc oxysulphide ore is difficult. Therefore, the difficulty in comprehensively utilising low-grade lead-zinc oxysulphide ore must be overcome, and its green and efficient development and utilization must be realised, which can yield considerable economic value.…”