Study on Fuel Specificity and Harmful Air Pollutants Factor of Agglomerated Wood Charcoal

The increasing demand for clean energy requires considerable effort to find alternative energy sources, such as briquettes. This research aims to develop a charcoal briquette with added pine resin (API) that has excellent combustion speed and distinctive aroma. Briquettes are composed of charcoal, pine resin (concentration: 0%-30%), and starch (up to 7%). They are produced in several stages, including coconut shell pyrolysis in conventional combustion, to obtain charcoal for the briquette precursor. Briquette compaction is conducted by mixing and densifying the charcoal, pine resin, and starch using a hydraulic press for 3 min. The hydraulic press has a total surface area and diameter of 57.7 cm 2 and 3.5 cm, respectively. The briquettes are dried at different temperatures, reaching 70℃ for 24 h. The study results show that the briquettes have a thickness and diameter of up to 2 and 3.5 cm, respectively; moisture of 2.18%-2.62%; ash of 11.61%-13.98%; volatile matter of 27.15%-51.74%; and fixed carbon content of 40.24%-59.46%. The compressive strength of the briquettes is 186-540 kg/cm 2 . Their calorific value is 5,338-6,120 kcal/kg, combusting at a high speed of 0.15-0.40 s. The methoxy naphthalene, phenol, benzopyrrole, and lauryl alcohol; ocimene, valencene, and cembrene are found in the API. The API briquette has several chemical compounds, such as musk ambrette, ocimene, sabinene, limonene, 1-(p-cumenyl) adamantane, butane, and propanal, which improve aroma, drug application, and fuel production. Accordingly, API briquettes have considerable potential as an alternative energy source and a health improvement product.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Initial Ignition Time and Calorific Value Enhancement of Briquette with Added Pine Resin

PARI,

EFIYANTI,

DARMAWAN

et al. 2023

“…Wood that contains a high calorific value according to Martinez et al (2019) is pine wood, it contains resin which can affect to increase the calorific value. However, in this study the pine wood would burn into charcoal, according to Jeoung et al (2020) the wood charcoal causes the higher of fixed carbon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Biomass is organic material obtained from the photosynthetic process, both in the form of products and waste (Putri and Andasuryani, 2017). Using biomass as fuel has the advantage of reducing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere because biomass produces carbon neutral from combustion, so it is more easily absorbed by plants (carbon neutral; Jang, 2022;Mustamu et al, 2018) and also several studies reported that wood-based fuels are the best for reducing Characteristics of Bio Pellets from Spent Coffee Grounds and Pinewood Charcoal Based on Composition and Grinding Method air pollutant production during combustion and calculating average annual greenhouse gas emissions by tree species and products for charcoal (Jeoung et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Bio Pellets from Spent Coffee Grounds and Pinewood Charcoal Based on Composition and Grinding Method

CAHYANI¹,

YUNIANTI²,

SUHASMAN³

et al. 2023

One type of biomass that has promising potential for bio pellet production is spent coffee grounds (SCGs). However, previous studies have shown that SCGs in bio pellets cause a lot of smoke. Therefore, they need to be mixed with a material that has a higher calorific value to produce better quality pellets. One material that can be used is pine wood because it has a natural resin content that can increase the calorific value. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of bio pellets produced with SCGs and pine wood charcoal at different particle sizes. The charcoal was ground using either a hammer mill (HM) or a ball mill (BM). Pine wood charcoal was mixed with SCGs at ratios of SCGs to pine wood charcoal of 4:6 and 6:4 by weight, respectively, and the adhesive used a tapioca with a composition ratio 5% of the raw material. The bio pellets were produced using a manual pellet press. The quality of the bio pellets was assessed based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8021-2014, and the physical observations include flame length, burning rate, and compressive strength. The average water content, ash content, and calorific value of the bio pellets were in accordance with SNI 8021-2014, but the density and ash content values were below the standard values. The BM variation of bio pellets had a higher compressive strength than the HM variation, and the 4:6 BM variation had the longest burning time compared with 4:6 HM.

“…Biomass is a carbon-neutral raw material with a low sulfur content, thereby reducing air pollution, particularly greenhouse gas emissions (da Silva et al, 2018;Jang, 2022;Jeoung et al, 2020;Zafar et al, 2019). Biomass is a renewable energy source that can support energy fulfillment and promote economic growth (Foong et al, 2020;Ge et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torrefaction for Improving Quality of Pellets Derived from Calliandra Wood

SUTAPA,

HIDYATULLAH

2023

Densification is a technique used to improve biomass quality in wood pellet manufacturing and torrefaction treatment. In this study, the effects of torrefaction on the quality of Calliandra wood pellets were investigated, and pellets of Calliandra wood (Calliandra calothyrsus) and bark were evaluated. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with two treatment factors, namely torrefaction temperature (250℃ and 300℃) and torrefaction duration (30, 45, and 60 min). The results showed that the interaction between temperature and torrefaction duration significantly affected the compressive strength, proximate value, and calorific value of the torrefied Calliandra wood pellets. An increase in the temperature and torrefaction duration decreased the compressive strength, moisture content, volatile matter content, and ash content of the torrefied Calliandra wood pellets. Conversely, the calorific value of Calliandra wood pellets increased with increasing temperature and torrefaction duration. The best-quality Calliandra wood pellets were produced at a torrefaction temperature and duration of 300℃ and 60 min, respectively. In terms of important quality parameters, ash content of 0.90% and calorific value of 6,303.80 cal/g were observed, which complied with the quality standards of Indonesian National Standard 8675:2018 and Deutsche Industrie Norm 51731.