Study on Pyrolysis Behavior of Bio-based adenine containing phthalonitrile resin obtained by powder metallurgy-like process

Guo, Xing; Liang, Bo; Chen, Menghao; He, Xiancong; Xiao, Hang; Zeng, Ke; Zhou, Tao; Hu, Jianghuai; Ye, Gang

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109569

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The intensive peaks at 1120 cm −1 are assigned to the stretching vibration of C-O-C in ethers [33], which resulted from the cleavages of O-containing bonds in the PN foam. The weak absorption at 714 cm −1 reveals the escape of HCN by the fragmentation of unreacted Ar-CN bonds [35][36][37]. Notably, the intensity of NH3 was the strongest at this time in comparison with other temperatures, as shown in Figure 3b, suggesting the beginning of the decomposition of the tertiary amine (NR3) section from the ring-opening polymerization of oxazine.…”

Section: Monitoring Thermal Degradation Of Pn Foam By Tga-ftirmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Around Tdm2 (400 °C), the broad band at 3012 cm −1 of C-H stretching reflects the breakage of methyl (-CH3) in the bisphenol A-based molecular structure of PN foam [35][36][37].…”

Section: Monitoring Thermal Degradation Of Pn Foam By Tga-ftirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guo et al [37] revealed a four-stage pyrolysis behavior of adenine-based PN: I (oligomer volatilization, 400-500 • C), II and III (major degradation, 500-820 • C, CH 4 , NH 3 , H 2 O, CO, CO 2 , HCN, and aromatics) and IV (carbonization, 600-1000 • C, CH 4 and NH 3 ). From these advances [34][35][36][37], it is clear that PN with different structures displays different thermal degradation characteristics from two-stage [35], three-stage [36], and even four-stage [37], and the volatiles during PN dissociation have been well characterized. Nonetheless, previous studies on thermal degradation are limited to resorcinol [34,35], L-tyrosine [36], or adenine-based PN [37], and the pyrolysis behavior of other PN resins remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From these advances [34][35][36][37], it is clear that PN with different structures displays different thermal degradation characteristics from two-stage [35], three-stage [36], and even four-stage [37], and the volatiles during PN dissociation have been well characterized. Nonetheless, previous studies on thermal degradation are limited to resorcinol [34,35], L-tyrosine [36], or adenine-based PN [37], and the pyrolysis behavior of other PN resins remains unknown. Specifically, these studies have concentrated on the pyrolysis of bulky PN polymers [34][35][36][37], leaving unknown territory for the thermal degradation behaviors of PN foams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, previous studies on thermal degradation are limited to resorcinol [34,35], L-tyrosine [36], or adenine-based PN [37], and the pyrolysis behavior of other PN resins remains unknown. Specifically, these studies have concentrated on the pyrolysis of bulky PN polymers [34][35][36][37], leaving unknown territory for the thermal degradation behaviors of PN foams. During the aging of the phosphorous PN, Lobanova et al [38] found that the weight loss rate in bulky PN samples was slower than that in PN powders due to a lower surface-to-mass ratio, indicating that the thermal decomposition behavior is tightly related to the sample form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Thermal Degradation Mechanism of High-Temperature-Resistant Phthalonitrile Foam at Macroscopic and Molecular Levels

Yang,

Li,

Lei

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Polymer foam, a special form of polymer, usually demonstrates some unexpected properties that rarely prevail in the bulky polymer. Studying the thermal degradation behavior of a specific polymer foam is important for its rational design, quick identification, objective evaluation, and industrial application. The present study aimed to discover the thermal degradation mechanism of high-temperature-resistant phthalonitrile (PN) foam under an inert gas atmosphere. The macroscopic thermal decomposition of PN foam was carried out at the cost of size/weight loss, resulting in an increasing number of open cells with pyrolyzation debris. Using the TGA/DTG/FTIR/MS technique, it was found that PN foam involves a three-stage thermal degradation mechanism: (I) releasing gases such as H2O, CO2, and NH3 generated from azo-containing intermediate decomposition and these trapped in the closed cells during the foaming process; (II) backbone decomposition from C-N, C-O, and C-C cleavage in the PN aliphatic chain with the generation of H2O, CO2, NH3, CO, CH4, RNH2, HCN, and aromatic gases; and (III) carbonization into a final N-hybrid graphite. The thermal degradation of PN foam was different from that of bulky PN resin. During the entire pyrolysis of PN foam, there was a gas superposition phenomenon since the release of the decomposition volatile was retarded by the closed cells in the PN foam. This research will contribute to the general understanding of the thermal degradation behavior of PN foam at the macroscopic and molecular levels and provide a reference for the identification, determination, and design of PN material.

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Section: Monitoring Thermal Degradation Of Pn Foam By Tga-ftirmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Around Tdm2 (400 °C), the broad band at 3012 cm −1 of C-H stretching reflects the breakage of methyl (-CH3) in the bisphenol A-based molecular structure of PN foam [35][36][37].…”

Section: Monitoring Thermal Degradation Of Pn Foam By Tga-ftirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Understanding the Thermal Degradation Mechanism of High-Temperature-Resistant Phthalonitrile Foam at Macroscopic and Molecular Levels

Yang,

Li,

Lei

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Recent Advances and Prospects in High‐Performance Bio‐Based Phthalonitrile Resins

Bulgakov,

Schubert

2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Phthalontirile resins are renowned as the most heat‐resistant polymeric materials and exhibit exceptional performance under harsh conditions. Consequently, phthalonitrile thermosets offer the potential to substitute metals in hot parts, thereby broadening the operational limits of plastic materials in high‐tech applications. Given their unique combination of properties, phthalonitriles have garnered significant demand across sectors such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and renewable energy. With industrial production and application of phthalonitriles recently initiated in several countries, questions regarding the sustainability of these materials have naturally arisen. Thermosetting materials, owing to their highly cross‐linked architecture, cannot be recycled, necessitating the adoption of synthetic methods utilizing bio‐feedstock raw materials and green protocols to mitigate their environmental impact. The present prospective review summarizes and analyzes the current state‐of‐the‐art in bio‐based phthalonitrile resins and discusses potential directions for research and development of new application areas, with a focus on the challenge of maintaining high‐performance levels during the transition to bio‐based raw materials.

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Combustion behavior of furfurylated wood in the presence of montmorillonite and its char characteristics

et al. 2022

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Study on Pyrolysis Behavior of Bio-based adenine containing phthalonitrile resin obtained by powder metallurgy-like process

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Understanding the Thermal Degradation Mechanism of High-Temperature-Resistant Phthalonitrile Foam at Macroscopic and Molecular Levels

Understanding the Thermal Degradation Mechanism of High-Temperature-Resistant Phthalonitrile Foam at Macroscopic and Molecular Levels

Recent Advances and Prospects in High‐Performance Bio‐Based Phthalonitrile Resins

Combustion behavior of furfurylated wood in the presence of montmorillonite and its char characteristics

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