Study on Some Thermal and Electrical Properties of Basalt Fabric Modified with Metal and Ceramics as a Result of Magnetron Sputtering

Abstract

The main aim of the research was to compare the values of some thermal and electrical parameters obtained for a basalt fabric modified with the metal and ceramics coatings. The surface modification of basalt fabric was made by using a magnetron sputtering technique. Chrome and zirconium(IV) oxide coatings were deposited on the fabric surface. The thermal and electrical properties of selected fabrics were determined. In order to assess the comfort properties of fabrics, the thermal resistance of materials was analyzed. Instrumental color measurement was used for an assessment of the surface of modified and unmodified basalt fabric. Using a non-contact digital color imaging system, DigiEye, an original method of samples surface analysis was presented. As a result of research, the modification of basalt fabric surface for applications in a hot work environment enabled the improvement of thermal properties in relation to the references samples. The first level of protection against contact heat for a contact temperature of 100 °C was obtained for the zirconium(IV) oxide-modified basalt fabric. The first level of protection against radiant heat was obtained for all samples. The highest value for the heat radiant resistance was obtained for the chrome-modified basalt fabric.

Assessment of Coating Quality Obtained on Flame-Retardant Fabrics by a Magnetron Sputtering Method

“…The DigiEye system (VeriVide, Leicester, UK) was used in the assessment of coatings quality. For this purpose, the sample surface was divided into smaller, but even, areas (i.e., nine squares with a side length of 1 cm (Figure 1)) according to the concept presented in [5]. The following neighboring pairs of squares were taken into consideration: AB, DE, GH, BC, EF, HK, AD, BE, CF, DG, EH, and FK.…”

“…It should be noted that a low standard deviation SD did not mean that the fabric The following neighboring pairs of squares were taken into consideration: AB, DE, GH, BC, EF, HK, AD, BE, CF, DG, EH, and FK. Determination of total color difference ∆E for the pairs, described in detail in [5], enabled us to detect any differences on the whole coated surfaces. Based on the results, the minimum value (∆E min ), the maximum value (∆E max ), and the mean value (∆E mean ), with a standard deviation (SD) were determined for each sample's surface coating.…”

“…However, the process is characterized by high efficiency when using sputtering and good and very good physical and mechanical properties of coatings, while the technological process is considered ecological. That is why many scientists use selected PVD methods to modify the surface of textile materials [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

“…In the area related to thermal properties, the MS method is also used for depositing coatings on the surfaces of basalt fabrics [ 5 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The modified fabric, when it meets the relevant requirements, is used as an element of the clothes protecting against high temperatures and hot factors.…”

Evaluation of Thermal Properties of Certain Flame-Retardant Fabrics Modified with a Magnetron Sputtering Method

“…Research on a direct modification of basalt fabric surface to improve its thermal properties was conducted [11][12][13]. The researchers would like to use the modified fabric in gloves that protect against high temperatures and hot factors.…”