Study on the antioxidant activities of root extracts of Zizyphus lotus from the western region of Algeria

Abstract

Objective: To find a new natural source of antioxidant, the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of some secondary metabolites extracted from roots of Ziziphus lotus were evaluated. Methods: The total polyphenol contents were determined spectrophotometrically. Pyrrocatechol, catechin and cyanidin equivalents were used for these parameters. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by several in vitro systems of assays, namely DPPH radical scavenging activity method, b-Carotene Bleaching assay (BCB), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP) and Total Antioxidant capacity test (TAC). Results: The quantitative estimation showed that the roots of Z. lotus were rich in polyphenols (20.09 mg PE/g DW) and proanthocyannidins (1.56%) and they contained a small amount of flavonoids (0.02 mg CE/g DW). The most fractions exhibited high antioxidant activities, and some even showed higher potency than the standard synthetic antioxidants in some instances. In DPPH assay, all extracts had shown significant inhibition (58.535 -94.730% at 1 mg/mL). In addition, the IC 50 values ranged from 0.211 to 0.816 mg/mL, compared to 0.110, 0.214, 0.214 and 0.413 mg/mL for gallic acid, tannic acid, butylated-hydroxyanisol and ascorbic acid respectively. In (BCB) assay, the extracts showed strong inhibition (55.55 -100.00% at 1 mg/mL) and the IC 50 values ranging from 0.123 to 0.850 mg/mL compared to 0.433 mg/mL for gallic acid. A dose dependant curve was obtained for all extracts in the FRAP assay. However, the antioxidant potencies of ascorbic acid and extracts were comparable at low concentrations. The majority of extracts showed the highest value of antioxidant activity, based on TAC test (0.073 -0.398 mg ascorbic acid / mg extract). Conclusion: The results indicate that Z. lotus roots could be an important sources of natural antioxidants.

Phytochemical Screening, Total Flavonoid and Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Different Parts of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb

“…Among other part, only leaf contained tannin, one of polyphenol that can donate hydrogen and act as antioxidant. 15,24 Total flavonoid content was determined using aluminium chloride method. Aluminium chloride will form stable complex with carbonyl group at C4 and hydroxyls at C3 (flavonols) and C5 in flavonols and flavones.…”

“…Distribution of phenolic compounds varies between different parts of plant. 15 According to the literature search, phytochemical and antioxidant activity of different parts of C. bonduc have never been comparatively evaluated. The study was carried out to screen the phytochemicals as well as to evaluate total flavonoid contents, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of root, stem, leaf and seed kernel ethanolic extract.…”

Potential Benefits of Jujube (Zizyphus Lotus L.) Bioactive Compounds for Nutrition and Health

“…which have been supposed to be responsible for most of its health benefits such as hypoglycemic, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties [14, 21, 22]. In this respect, the fruit of Z. lotus is a valuable source of nutrients as well as antioxidant [4, 21, 23, 24], antimicrobial, and antifungal [13, 25], immunosuppressive [14], anti-inflammatory [26], and antiulcerogenic [21, 27] compounds. Z. lotus leaves contain different carbohydrates and dammarane saponins notably jujuboside B, three jujubogenin glycosides, and jujubasaponine IV [20].…”

“…Z. lotus seeds are used to prepare lotus oil enriched in essential fatty acids, liposoluble antioxidants, and many sterols [11]. Z. lotus root contains four dammarane saponins, large quantity of polyphenol, essential fatty acids, vitamin C, and several cyclopeptide alkaloids, termed lotusines which have a wide range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antidiabetic activities [12, 15–18, 22, 24, 28]. The pulp of Z. lotus contains a significant amount of carbohydrate, phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, which exhibit high antimicrobial activity [19, 25].…”

“…Interestingly, Z. lotus seeds contain a very high amount of several compounds such as fats (29.73 g/100 g), fibers (16.57 g/100 g), and protein (14.22 g/100 g) [19], along with carbohydrates (4720 mg/100 g) and small amounts of polyphenol (14.68 mg/100 g) [11]. In Z. lotus root bark, polyphenol content is 2009 mg/100 g [24], along with a high content of saponins 219 mg/100 g, high content of flavonoids (120 mg/100 g) [18], and large amount of proanthocyanidins (156 mg/100 g) [24] compared to other molecules such as cyclopeptide alkaloids, amounting from 1.4 to 23.95 mg/100 g [15–17] (Table 1). Z. lotus pulp contains high amounts of soluble sugars (10.55 g/100 g), fibers (4.84 g/100 g), mineral matter (3.2 g/100 g), and protein (1.18 g/100 g) [19], along with tannins (922 mg/100 g) and moderate amounts of polyphenol (325 mg/100 g) [25].…”