Study on the Inhibitory Activity of a Synthetic Defensin Derived from Barley Endosperm against Common Food Spoilage Yeast

Shwaiki, Laila N.; Sahin, Aylin W.; Arendt, Elke K.

doi:10.3390/molecules26010165

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In addition to antibacterial activity, we also found that the new peptide was no toxic to human cells (Figures 8 and 9), a decrease in cell viability occurred only at 125 µM, which is a much higher concentration than that at which peptides exert antibacterial effects. The hemolytic activity of a peptide can generally be linked to its cytotoxicity and to its ability to cause harmful effects on eukaryotic cells 54,55 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel smaller β‐defensin‐derived peptide is active against multidrug‐resistant bacterial strains

et al. 2021

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Antibiotic resistance is becoming a severe obstacle in the fight against acute and chronic infectious diseases that accompany most degenerative illnesses from neoplasia to osteo‐arthritis and obesity. Currently, the race is on to identify pharmaceutical molecules or combinations of molecules able to prevent or reduce the insurgence and/or progression of infectivity. Attempts to substitute antibiotics with antimicrobial peptides have, thus far, met with little success against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. During the last decade, we designed and studied the activity and features of human β‐defensin analogs, which are salt‐resistant, and hence active also under high salt concentrations as, for instance, in cystic fibrosis. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and major features of a new 21 aa long molecule, peptide γ2. The latter derives from the γ‐core of the β‐defensin natural molecules, a small fragment of these molecules still bearing high antibacterial activity. We found that peptide γ2, which contains only one disulphide bond, recapitulates most of the biological properties of natural human β‐defensins and can also counteract both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative MDR bacterial strains and biofilm formation. Moreover, it has great stability in human serum thereby enhancing its antibacterial presence and activity without cytotoxicity in human cells. In conclusion, peptide γ2 is a promising new weapon also in the battle against intractable infectious diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel smaller β‐defensin‐derived peptide is active against multidrug‐resistant bacterial strains

et al. 2021

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“…The release of haemoglobin from defibrinated sheep erythrocytes caused by the presence of the protein was calculated following the protocol outlined by Shwaiki [ 16 ]. Briefly, a 4% red blood cell (Oxoid™, Oxoid Ireland c/o Fannin Healthcare, Ireland) solution was incubated for 1 h at 37 °C with 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml concentrations of the antifungal protein.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cytotoxicity of the antifungal protein was tested by measuring cell viability using a MTT cell viability kit (Cell proliferation Kit I MTT, Sigma Aldrich, MO, USA). The protocol was performed as described by Shwaiki [ 16 ]. Human colonic cells, Caco-2 cells (ECACC) were maintained and passaged in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media (DMEM) supplemented with 1% non-essential amino acids and 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of the mustard Napin protein Allergen Sin a 1 and characterisation of its antifungal activity

Mignone

Shwaiki

Arendt

et al. 2022

Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports

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Proteins and peptides belonging to the plant immune system can possess natural antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. Due to their broad range of activity and stability, they represent promising novel alternatives to commonly used antifungal agents to fight the emergence of resistant strains. An isolation protocol was optimised to target proteins found in plants’ defence system, and it was applied to white mustard ( Brassica hirta ) seeds. Firstly, a ∼14 kDa protein with activity against S. cerevisiae was extracted and purified; secondly, the protein was identified as the mustard Napin protein named Allergen Sin a 1 . Napin is the name given to seed storage (2S) albumin proteins belonging to the Brassicaceae family. While several Napins have been described for their antimicrobial potential, Sin a 1 has been mainly studied for its allergenic properties. The antimicrobial activity of Sin a 1 is described and characterised for the first time in this study; it possesses antifungal and antiyeast in vitro activity, but no antibacterial activity was recorded. The yeasts Zygosaccharomyces bailii Sa 1403 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae DSM 70449 along with the filamentous fungi Fusarium culmorum FST 4.05 were amongst the most senstitive strains to Sin a 1 (MICs range 3–6 μM). The antimicrobial mechanism of membrane permeabilisation was detected, and in general, the antifungal activity of Sin a 1 seemed to be expressed in a dose-dependent manner. Data collected confirmed Sin a 1 to be a stable and compact protein, as it displayed resistance to α-chymotrypsin digestion, heat denaturation and insensitivity to pH variations and the presence of salts. In addition, the protein did not show cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells.

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“…The discovered ability of AMPs to prevent the appearance of biofilms [ 12 , 80 , 86 ], and their antiviral [ 67 , 80 , 81 ], antifungal [ 87 , 88 , 89 ], antiprotozoal [ 90 ], and antitumor [ 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 ] effects, as well as their immunomodulatory activity, serves as a serious basis for the development of modern medicines [ 95 , 96 ].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory and Allergenic Properties of Antimicrobial Peptides

Guryanova

Ovchinnikova

2022

IJMS

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With the growing problem of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the search for alternative ways to combat bacterial infections is extremely urgent. While analyzing the effect of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on immunocompetent cells, their effect on all parts of the immune system, and on humoral and cellular immunity, is revealed. AMPs have direct effects on neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, T-lymphocytes, and mast cells, participating in innate immunity. They act on B-lymphocytes indirectly, enhancing the induction of antigen-specific immunity, which ultimately leads to the activation of adaptive immunity. The adjuvant activity of AMPs in relation to bacterial and viral antigens was the reason for their inclusion in vaccines and made it possible to formulate the concept of a “defensin vaccine” as an innovative basis for constructing vaccines. The immunomodulatory function of AMPs involves their influence on cells in the nearest microenvironment, recruitment and activation of other cells, supporting the response to pathogenic microorganisms and completing the inflammatory process, thus exhibiting a systemic effect. For the successful use of AMPs in medical practice, it is necessary to study their immunomodulatory activity in detail, taking into account their pleiotropy. The degree of maturity of the immune system and microenvironment can contribute to the prevention of complications and increase the effectiveness of therapy, since AMPs can suppress inflammation in some circumstances, but aggravate the response and damage of organism in others. It should also be taken into account that the real functions of one or another AMP depend on the types of total regulatory effects on the target cell, and not only on properties of an individual peptide. A wide spectrum of biological activity, including direct effects on pathogens, inactivation of bacterial toxins and influence on immunocompetent cells, has attracted the attention of researchers, however, the cytostatic activity of AMPs against normal cells, as well as their allergenic properties and low stability to host proteases, are serious limitations for the medical use of AMPs. In this connection, the tasks of searching for compounds that selectively affect the target and development of an appropriate method of application become critically important. The scope of this review is to summarize the current concepts and newest advances in research of the immunomodulatory activity of natural and synthetic AMPs, and to examine the prospects and limitations of their medical use.

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Study on the Inhibitory Activity of a Synthetic Defensin Derived from Barley Endosperm against Common Food Spoilage Yeast

Cited by 15 publications

References 48 publications

A novel smaller β‐defensin‐derived peptide is active against multidrug‐resistant bacterial strains

A novel smaller β‐defensin‐derived peptide is active against multidrug‐resistant bacterial strains

Isolation of the mustard Napin protein Allergen Sin a 1 and characterisation of its antifungal activity

Immunomodulatory and Allergenic Properties of Antimicrobial Peptides

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