Study on the preparation of flame retardant plywood by intercalation of phosphorus and nitrogen flame retardants modified with Mg/Al-LDH

Deng, Chao; Liu, Yang; Jian, Hao; Liang, Yuqing; Wen, Mingyu; Shi, Junyou; Park, Heejun

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130939

Cited by 38 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…By comparing the flame-retardant plywood shown in Figure 6 , the flame-retardant plywood in this study showed excellent smoke suppression performance, with a CO output of only 1440 ppm, and a flame-retardant plywood with a high CO amount of more than 30,000. This study provides new methods and ideas for the research of flame retardant plywood [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Gas and Smoke Generation and Flammability of Flame-Retardant Plywood

Park,

Jian,

Wen

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Limited by flammability, wood and wood-based materials face challenges in distinguishing themselves as structural materials or finishing materials. Once burning, they can produce toxic gases detrimental to humans and the environment. Therefore, it is critical to make clear whether fire-retardant wood construction materials are insusceptible to fire and not the sources of toxic gases. This study aimed to evaluate flame-retardant plywood from the aspects of flammability and the toxic gas and smoke generation during combustion. The flame-retardant plywood was manufactured by impregnating a flame-retardant resin in line with International Maritime Organization (IMO) standards. The research results indicate that seven out of the eight kinds of toxic gases listed by the IMO, other than CO, were not detected during the combustion of the flame-retardant plywood. While CO was detected, its quantities under three test conditions are below the corresponding thresholds. Therefore, unlike synthetic resin products, flame-retardant plywood is a promising finishing material that can reduce the damage from toxic gases in the event of a fire. In the smoke generation tests, the mass reduction rate of flame-retardant plywood increased from 13% to 18% and then to 20% as the test condition became more severe. Under the same circumstances, the average maximum specific optical density also followed an upward trend, whose values (75.70, 81.00, and 191.20), however, still met the IMO standard of below 200. This reflects that the flame-retardant plywood is competent as a finishing material. Further, flammability was evaluated, and the critical flux at extinguishment (CFE), total heat release (Qt), and peak heat release rate (Qp) were determined to be 49.5 kW/m2, 0.21 MJ, and 0.66 kW, respectively, which all did not reach the corresponding thresholds given by the IMO. To sum up, flame-retardant plywood has satisfactory flame-retardant performance and meets fire safety standards, showing the potential to be an attractive finishing material for building and construction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Gas and Smoke Generation and Flammability of Flame-Retardant Plywood

Park,

Jian,

Wen

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…The first category is supramolecular self-assembly into sandwich structures or core-shell structures on the basis of some 2D lamellar inorganic materials. Some 2D materials, such as black phosphorus (BP) [ 67 ], layered double hydroxides (LDH) [ 68 ], graphene [ 69 ], MoS 2 [ 70 ], etc., may face problems of poor stability, compatibility, and uneven dispersion. Therefore, 3D SFRs are assembled from these materials as templates, using some substances containing flame-retardant effects to modify them.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Supramolecular Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Applications of Supramolecular Flame Retardants: A Review

et al. 2023

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The development of different efficient flame retardants (FRs) to improve the fire safety of polymers has been a hot research topic. As the concept of green sustainability has gradually been raised to the attention of the whole world, it has even dominated the research direction of all walks of life. Therefore, there is an urgent calling to explore the green and simple preparation methods of FRs. The development of supramolecular chemistry in the field of flame retardancy is expanding gradually. It is worth noting that the synthesis of supramolecular flame retardants (SFRs) based on non-covalent bonds is in line with the current concepts of environmental protection and multi-functionality. This paper introduces the types of SFRs with different dimensions. SFRs were applied to typical polymers to improve their flame retardancy. The influence on mechanical properties and other material properties under the premise of flame retardancy was also summarized.

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“…[8] The two-dimensional structure of LDH and its excellent catalytic properties enable it to have good barrier and char formation effects during combustion, which enhances the flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties of the composite material. [9,10] Studies have shown that LDH can also work with other flame retardant effect materials to improve the fire safety performance of composites, for instance graphene [11] and MoS 2 . [12] Qian et al [13] investigated the flame retardant properties of MoS 2 and LDH by hydrothermal synthesis and showed that the nanomaterial hybridization not only made LDH more dispersed in the collective TPU material, but also the total heat released during combustion and the amount of smoke produced are greatly reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of CoMn‐LDH@MXene Hybrid Materials as Flame Retardant to Effectively Improve the Fire Safety of Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Liu,

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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In recent years, MXene 2D materials have shown good performance in enhancing the flame retardant properties of composite materials, but it is still tricky to improve the compatibility with the polymer matrix. This work explores a simple method for the synthesis of MXene based nanohybrids (CoMn‐LDH@MXene) by hydrothermal synthesis using MXene and layered double hydroxides (CoMn‐LDH) to construct a flame retardant system with excellent performance. The results show that the MXene nanosheets are less built up and more dispersed in the TPU collective due to the inclusion of LDH, giving the TPU composites excellent flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties. Compared to TPU without flame retardant, TPU composites with 2 wt% CoMn‐LDH@MXene reduced PHRR by 33.7 % and THR by 28.7 %. The TPU/2wt %CoMn‐LDH@MXene composites also showed better flame and smoke suppression performance, PSPR, TSP, PCO and PCO2 were reduced by 44.4 %, 22.7 %, 37.7 % and 27.2 % respectively, the production of Hydrocarbons and HCN were also reduced. Barrier effect of transition metal oxide catalysed carbon layer formation, combustion blocking effect of hybrid material nanosheets, cooling effect of water vapour from thermal decomposition of LDH and the gas phase dilution effect are the main reasons for the increased fire safety of TPU composites.

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Study on the preparation of flame retardant plywood by intercalation of phosphorus and nitrogen flame retardants modified with Mg/Al-LDH

Cited by 38 publications

References 44 publications

Toxic Gas and Smoke Generation and Flammability of Flame-Retardant Plywood

Toxic Gas and Smoke Generation and Flammability of Flame-Retardant Plywood

Synthesis and Applications of Supramolecular Flame Retardants: A Review

Synthesis of CoMn‐LDH@MXene Hybrid Materials as Flame Retardant to Effectively Improve the Fire Safety of Thermoplastic Polyurethane

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