Study protocol of the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia (COHRA) etiology study

Polk, Deborah E.; Weyant, Robert J.; Crout, Richard J.; McNeil, Daniel W.; Tarter, Ralph E.; Thomas, John G.; Marazita, Mary L.

doi:10.1186/1472-6831-8-18

Cited by 69 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Details regarding this sample have been previously reported [Polk et al, 2008]. COHRA participants were recruited from two central West Virginia counties (Webster and Nicholas) and three western Pennsylvania counties (Allegheny, Washington and McKean).…”

Section: Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genes and Their Effects on Dental Caries May Differ between Primary and Permanent Dentitions

Wang¹,

Shaffer²,

et al. 2010

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The importance of genetic factors in the genesis of dental caries of both primary and permanent dentitions is well established; however, the degree to which genes contribute to the development of dental caries, and whether these genes differ between primary and permanent dentitions, is largely unknown. Using family-based likelihood methods, we assessed the heritability of caries-related phenotypes for both children and adults in 2,600 participants from 740 families. We found that caries phenotypes in the primary dentition were highly heritable, with genes accounting for 54–70% of variation in caries scores. The heritability of caries scores in the permanent dentition was also substantial (35–55%, all p < 0.01), although this was lower than analogous phenotypes in the primary dentition. Assessment of the genetic correlation between primary and permanent caries scores indicated that 18% of the covariation in these traits was due to common genetic factors (p < 0.01). Therefore, dental caries in primary and permanent teeth may be partly attributable to different suites of genes or genes with differential effects. Sex and age explained much of the phenotypic variation in permanent, but not primary, dentition. Further, including pre-cavitated white-spot lesions in the phenotype definition substantially increased the heritability estimates for dental caries. In conclusion, our results show that dental caries are heritable, and suggest that genes affecting susceptibility to caries in the primary dentition may differ from those in permanent teeth. Moreover, metrics for quantifying caries that incorporate white-spot lesions may serve as better phenotypes in genetic studies of the causes of tooth decay.

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Section: Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mean inter-and intra-rater concordance of caries assessments were high [Polk et al, 2008]. After drying of teeth (gauze or air) if needed, each surface of each tooth was scored by visual inspection using a dental mirror and artificial light.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes and Their Effects on Dental Caries May Differ between Primary and Permanent Dentitions

Wang¹,

Shaffer²,

et al. 2010

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“…All procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the relevant Universities. Full details on sample recruitment have previously been described (Polk et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inter-and intra-examiner concordances of caries assessments were high (Polk et al, 2008;Wendell et al, 2010). Tooth surfaces were scored as sound, non-cavitated carious, cavitated carious, restored, missing due to caries, or missing due to other reasons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clustering Tooth Surfaces into Biologically Informative Caries Outcomes

et al. 2012

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A supplemental appendix to this article is published electronically only at http://jdr.sagepub.com/supplemental. AbstrActDental caries affects most adults worldwide; however, the risk factors for dental caries do not necessarily exert their effects uniformly across all tooth surfaces. Instead, the actions of some risk factors may be limited to a subset of teeth/surfaces. Therefore, we used hierarchical clustering on tooth surface-level caries data for 1,068 Appalachian adults (ages 18-75 yrs) to group surfaces based on co-occurrence of caries. Our cluster analysis yielded evidence of 5 distinct groups of tooth surfaces that differ with respect to caries: (C1) pit and fissure molar surfaces, (C2) mandibular anterior surfaces, (C3) posterior nonpit and fissure surfaces, (C4) maxillary anterior surfaces, and (C5) mid-dentition surfaces. These clusters were replicated in a national dataset (NHANES 1999(NHANES -2000. We created new caries outcomes defined as the number of carious tooth surfaces within each cluster. We show that some cluster-based caries outcomes are heritable (i.e., under genetic regulation; p < 0.05), whereas others are not. Likewise, we demonstrate the association between some cluster-based caries outcomes and potential risk factors such as age, sex, educational attainment, and toothbrushing habits. Together, these results suggest that the permanent dentition can be subdivided into groups of tooth surfaces that are useful for understanding the factors influencing cariogenesis. Abbreviations: COHRA, Center for Oral Health in Appalachia, the principal study sample; C1-5, clusters 1-5, groups of similarly behaving tooth surfaces identified through hierarchical clustering; DMFS index, decayed, missing, or filled surfaces, a traditional caries measure representing the number of affected surfaces across the entire dentition; DMFS1-5, partial DMFS indices representing the number of affected surfaces within a hierarchical cluster; and NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the secondary study sample.

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“…As of 2009, about 600 families were enrolled, which included about 2,700 participants, among whom 1,400 were children and adolescents. Participants received 2 comprehensive orodental examinations approximately 2 yrs apart (Polk et al, 2008; as of 2009, the attrition rate was 67.5%). Examiners were calibrated at least annually to one of the calibration reference dentists.…”

Section: Methods Recruitment and Dental Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caries Resistance as a Function of Age in an Initially Caries-free Population

et al. 2012

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A supplemental appendix to this article is published electronically only at http://jdr.sagepub.com/supplemental. AbstrActUsing data from the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia Study, we examined variability in susceptibility to dental caries among children and adolescents in rural Appalachia. Among 210 participants who were caries-free at the initial visit, age at the baseline visit can be used as a proxy for the degree of caries resistance; probability of caries development at the tooth level decreased as age at the baseline visit increased. Participants who stayed caries-free for a longer period during childhood and adolescence experienced less extensive caries, as measured by the number of carious teeth. However, the probability of becoming caries-positive did not correlate with age at the baseline visit. For children between 1 and 18 years of age, there was not a "threshold age" after which a caries-free child's risk of caries onset is significantly reduced.

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Study protocol of the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia (COHRA) etiology study

Cited by 69 publications

References 15 publications

Genes and Their Effects on Dental Caries May Differ between Primary and Permanent Dentitions

Genes and Their Effects on Dental Caries May Differ between Primary and Permanent Dentitions

Clustering Tooth Surfaces into Biologically Informative Caries Outcomes

Caries Resistance as a Function of Age in an Initially Caries-free Population

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