Study the Concentration of SO2 Emitted From Daura Refinery by Using Screen View Model

Abstract

In this study, the concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were emitted from the Daura oil refinery units and their effect on the surrounding areas of the refinery were investigated, and also, study the atmospheric stability effective by using the Screen View model, and check the effect of the wind speed and direction on the spread of pollutants. 
 As indicated during this study, the physical factors of the sources of pollution, such as the height of the chimney, its diameter and the surrounding environmental conditions, contributed to the increase in the concentration of contaminants. It was generally observed that the concentration of SO2 increased by increasing the rates of airflow and ambient temperature. This work was prove the influences of weather conditions in the transmission and spread of pollutants such as wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric stability and ambient temperature, but the effect of ambient air temperature was lower than others variables.
 When the distance increases between the plume and the source of pollution, a heat exchange takes place with the surrounding atmosphere, the difference between the temperature of the emitted gas and the surrounding atmosphere decreases and the buoyant force increases. This leads to a lack of vertical movement that disperses the contaminants. In addition, the concentration of the pollutants decreases with the distance increases from the source of the pollution. In the present work, emission rate of SO2, and stack gas exit velocity calculated for all stacks (point sources) of the twelve production units during August 2013, and February 2014 by using the actual amounts of fuel consumed in Daura refinery in this period.

The Relationship between Air Stability and Visibility over Baghdad City

“…is the solar altitude angle given by [11]. = sin[sin sin + cos cos cos ] Φ The latitude of the study location, δ the declination angle: number of days since January 1, ω is the solar hour angle which is equal to zero at noon and Tt is the local time [12]. In some parameters such as wind speed its direction, ambient air temperature, solar radiation and net radiation were used to estimate the atmospheric stability categories.…”

Assessment Vertical and Spatial Distribution of SO2 Concentration over Baghdad City (Case Study at 2022)

“…Ahmed F. et al used desulfurization techniques to reduces emission of SO2 from Daurra refinery, the results show if this method applied in refinery about 75% of sulfur will be removed from fuel oil and SO2 emission rate will be changed from 6000ug/m 3 to 2100ug/m 3 at January month at 2017 [9].Noor M. and Jasim M. analysis trend of spatial and temporal distribution of anthropogenic SO2 emission in Iraq from 2000-January to 2009-december, the results show there is increases in SO2 concentration in most Iraq region through the period from 2006 to 2009. Ramiz M. et al calculate SO2 concentration emission from Daurra refinery by used screen view model, the results show that physical factor such as height of the chimney, its diameter and surrounding environment condition contributed to increases concentration of SO2, study also explain that nearly all atmospheric parameter escape air temperature is important in determine SO2 concentration [10]. The aim of this study is to assessment spatial distribution of SO2 in the atmospheric boundary layer from surface to 5000m over Baghdad province through period 2022.…”

A Huge Dust Storm Influenced Air Quality on 16 May 2022 in Baghdad City, Iraq; Tracked Using Remote Sensing Techniques and Meteorological Data

“…A significant environmental issue that many places throughout the world are dealing with is air pollution, impacting different factors like the economy, transport, public health and society [16][17][18][19][20]. The air quality influence people's health is the most intense, because exposure to high PM10 concentrations over the long-term can raise morbidity and mortality rates [13,21,22]. In addition to human activities, severe natural disasters may have a considerable influence on air quality.…”