“…Intentional value codestruction, in turn, refers to a service system intentionally misusing resources in order to gain more benefit-described as well-being-and capacity for adaptiveness for itself, to the detriment of those of another system [8]. Intentions to co-destroy or not to co-create value [8,23,36,49,50,63], opportunism or deviancy [37, 47-49, 51-54, 56], and changes in intentions [31,35,48,[55][56][57] are implied to herald value codestruction in the literature.…”