Styrene polymerization in three-component cationic microemulsions

Pérez-Luna, Víctor H.; Puig, J. E.; Castaño, V. M.; Rodríguez, B. E.; Murthy, A. K.; Kaler, Eric W.

doi:10.1021/la00096a002

Cited by 97 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…As seen here, conversions are over 90%, and are quite comparable with the literature data. 10,14,21,24 Note that much lower conversions are reported in the related literature including our previous study, in which water-soluble initiators have been used. 6,13,14,21,28,34 Because oil-soluble initiator AIBN were used in this study, the electrostatic cage effect did not seem, so high conversions were achieved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Nanoparticles carrying hydroxyl groups produced by microemulsion

Özer

Beşkardeş

Zareie

et al. 2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Methylmethacrylate and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate were polymerized in oil-in-water microemulsions that were stabilized by cetyltrimetylammonium bromide (CTAB). Microemulsions that prepared changed continuously from transparent microemulsions to turbid emulsions by increasing the HEMA weight percentage as a comonomer. Polymerization was initiated with an oil-soluble initiator, azobisizobutyronitrile (AIBN). Stable P(MMA-HEMA) latexes were obtained about 40 nm in diameter. Molecular weights of the copolymers were in the range of 1.89 -2.03 ϫ 10 6 . The glass transition temperatures of these copolymers, which were obtained by differential scanning calorimeter, were in the range of 95-99°C. The comonomer ratio in the final copolymers were obtained from the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, which were smaller than the comonomer ratios used in the original recipes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Nanoparticles carrying hydroxyl groups produced by microemulsion

Özer

Beşkardeş

Zareie

et al. 2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…They are not bicontinuous; they have the monomer in the dispersed phase. On polymerization, they routinely produce latex particles an order of magnitude larger than that expected from the size of the original droplets (Candau et al, 1984;Johnson and Gutari, 1984;Guo et al, 1989;Brouwer, 1989;Perez-Luna et al, 1990;Candau, 1989;Gan et al, 1991). The mechanism for forming these larger particles, sometimes described as agglomeration or coagulation, may be related to the same mechanism responsible for the larger sizes observed here (Kuo et al, 1987;Larpent and Tadros, 1991;Guo et al, 1992 a,b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Organic microporous materials made by bicontinuous microemulsion polymerization

Burban

Cussler

1995

AIChE Journal

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“…[16,17] In Figure 7, an increase in Np with conversion and surfactant concentration can be observed.…”

Section: Critical Micelle Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant Concentration Effects on the Aqueous Phase Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate

Martínez‐Gutiérrez

Ovando‐Medina

Peralta

2009

Macromolecular Symposia

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Summary: Vinyl acetate (VAc) in concentrations below the water saturation value was polymerized by batch processes at 60 8C using low surfactant concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator. The effects of surfactant concentration on the reaction kinetics, particle formation and molecular weight were studied. It was found that the average particle diameters decrease between 277 and 18.7 nm as the surfactant concentration is increased from 0 to 11 mmol/L, whereas the weight average molecular weight (Mw) decreases also, with values between 8.7 Â 10 5 Mw 1 Â 10 5 Da. It was observed that particle size distributions are strongly affected by the addition of small amounts of surfactant. For the low monomer concentrations used in the polymerizations (0.0137 g/cm 3 of water), particles were very stable and no coagulation was observed. High reaction rates were found in all polymerizations. When no SDS was added to the system, lower polymerization rates were obtained at the onset of the reaction due to the low rate of particle formation. The behavior of polymerization rate was inversely proportional to the surfactant concentration, which was ascribed to the increase in the average number of radicals per particle.

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Styrene polymerization in three-component cationic microemulsions

Cited by 97 publications

References 0 publications

Nanoparticles carrying hydroxyl groups produced by microemulsion

Nanoparticles carrying hydroxyl groups produced by microemulsion

Organic microporous materials made by bicontinuous microemulsion polymerization

Surfactant Concentration Effects on the Aqueous Phase Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate

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