Subclinical Giardia in dogs: a veterinary conundrum relevant to human infection

Tysnes, Kristoffer Relling; Skancke, Ellen; Robertson, Lucy J.

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2014.08.007

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Assemblage E has been found predominantly in cloven‐hoofed domestic mammals such as cattle, water buffaloes, sheep, goats and pigs, but not in dogs (Yaoyu & Xiao, ). Although the majority of the parasites we identified typically infect dogs and other animals rather than humans, G. intestinalis assemblage B ( Giardia enterica [Jenkins et al, ]) is a recognized zoonotic pathogen of public health significance and has been implicated in diarrhoeal diseases in both dogs and humans (Traub et al, ; Tysnes, Skancke, & Robertson, ; Yaoyu & Xiao, ). Previous epidemiologic studies on Giardia spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and genetic characterization of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs in Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada

Julien

Sargeant

Guy

et al. 2019

Zoonoses and Public Health

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There are few epidemiologic studies on the role of dogs in zoonotic parasitic transmission in the Circumpolar North. The objectives of this study were to: (a) estimate the faecal prevalence of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs; (b) investigate potential associations between the type of dog population and the faecal presence of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp.; and (c) describe the molecular characteristics of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs in Iqaluit, Nunavut. We conducted two cross‐sectional studies in July and September 2016. In July, the team collected daily faecal samples for 3 days from each of 20 sled dogs. In September, the team collected three faecal samples from each of 59 sled dogs, 111 samples from shelter dogs and 104 from community dogs. We analysed faecal samples for the presence of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. using rapid immunoassay and flotation techniques. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of target genes were performed on positive faecal samples. Overall, the faecal prevalence of at least one of the target parasites, when one faecal sample was chosen at random for all dogs, was 8.16% (CI: 5.52–11.92), and for Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp., prevalence was 4.42% (CI: 2.58–7.49) and 6.12% (CI: 3.88–9.53), respectively. The odds of faecal Giardia spp. in sled dogs were significantly higher than those in shelter and community dogs (OR 10.19 [CI: 1.16–89.35]). Sequence analysis revealed that 6 faecal samples were Giardia intestinalis, zoonotic assemblage B (n = 2) and species‐specific assemblages D (n = 3) and E (n = 1), and five faecal samples were Cryptosporidium canis. Giardia intestinalis is zoonotic; however, Cryptosporidium canis is rare in humans and, when present, usually occurs in immunosuppressed individuals. Dogs may be a potential source of zoonotic Giardia intestinalis assemblage B infections in residents in Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada; however, the direction of transmission is unclear.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and genetic characterization of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs in Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada

Julien

Sargeant

Guy

et al. 2019

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…Our results indicate that G. duodenalis infection primarily presented as a sub-clinical, asymptomatic (as suggested by the absence of diarrhoeal episodes) disease in the surveyed canine communities. Although exact age could not be established, the vast majority of the sampled dogs were young adults or mature animals, suggesting that acquired immunity may play a role in the control and/or severity of the infection [ 8 ]. Indeed, no recurrence of Giardia was reported from dogs older than 1 year which attended at a veterinary hospital in USA during an 11-year period [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enteric protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis is one of the most commonly detected pathogens associated with diarrhoea in humans and animals, including domestic dogs [ 6 , 7 ]. As in other host species, canine infections by G. duodenalis can present with a broad range of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic to acute or chronic disease [ 8 , 9 ]. Giardia duodenalis is currently regarded as a complex of eight (A-H) genotypes, also known as assemblages, displaying distinct host specificities and transmission patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in dog populations in eastern Spain

et al. 2018

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BackgroundGiardia duodenalis is one of the most common enteric parasites in domestic animals including dogs. Young animals are more prone to the infection, with clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to acute or chronic diarrhoea. Dogs are primarily infected by canine-specific (C-D) assemblages of G. duodenalis. However, zoonotic assemblages A and B have been increasingly documented in canine isolates, raising the question of whether and to which extent dogs can act as natural reservoirs of human giardiosis.MethodsIn this cross-sectional epidemiological survey we assessed the molecular diversity of G. duodenalis in dogs in the province of Castellón, Eastern Spain. A total of 348 individual faecal samples from sheltered (n = 218), breeding (n = 24), hunting (n = 68), shepherd (n = 24), and pet (n = 14) dogs were collected between 2014 and 2016. Detection of G. duodenalis cysts in faecal material was carried out by direct fluorescence microscopy as a screening test, whereas a qPCR targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of the parasite was subsequently used as a confirmatory method.ResultsGiardia duodenalis was detected in 36.5% (95% CI: 31.6–41.7%) of dogs. No significant differences in prevalence rates could be demonstrated among dogs according to their sex and geographical origin, but breeding (45.8%; 95% CI: 27.9–64.9%) and sheltered (40.4%; 95% CI: 34.1–47.0%) dogs harboured significantly higher proportions of G. duodenalis. Multi-locus sequence-based genotyping of the glutamate dehydrogenase and β-giardin genes of G. duodenalis allowed the characterization of 35 canine isolates that were unambiguously assigned to assemblages A (14.3%), B (22.9%), C (5.7%), and D (37.1%). A number of inter-assemblage mixed infections including A + B (11.4%), A + D (2.9%), and A + B + D (5.7%) were also identified.ConclusionsData presented here are strongly indicative of high infection pressures in kennelled animals. Zoonotic sub-assemblages AII, BIII, and BIV were responsible for a considerable proportion of the G. duodenalis infections detected, but very few of the genotypes identified have been previously documented in Spanish human populations. Although possible, zoonotic transmission between dogs and humans seems an infrequent event in this Spanish region.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1353-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…However, our 214 observations ( Fig. 3), as well as other reports in humans and animals suggest that Giardia infection is frequently asymptomatic (8,(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47). Intriguingly, several large epidemiological 216 case-control studies recently showed higher Giardia prevalence in asymptomatic participants 217 compared to those with moderate-to-severe diarrheal disease, revealing a possible protective 218 role (27,40,45,(48)(49)(50).…”

Section: Humans 209mentioning

confidence: 54%

Natural infection withGiardiais associated with altered community structure of the human and canine gut microbiome

Berry

Johnson

Martins

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Subclinical Giardia in dogs: a veterinary conundrum relevant to human infection

Cited by 48 publications

References 69 publications

Prevalence and genetic characterization of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs in Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada

Prevalence and genetic characterization of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs in Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada

Occurrence and molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in dog populations in eastern Spain

Natural infection withGiardiais associated with altered community structure of the human and canine gut microbiome

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