Subcortical Hemorrhage Caused by Methamphetamine Abuse: Efficacy of the Triage System in the Differential Diagnosis. Case Report.

Inamasu, Joji; Nakamura, Yoshiki; Saito, Ryoichi; Kuroshima, Yoshiaki; Mayanagi, Keita; Ohba, Shigeo; Ichikizaki, Kiyoshi

doi:10.2176/nmc.43.82

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The brain hemorrhage reported among human amphetamines abusers (Moriya & Hashimoto 2002; Inamasu et al . 2003) might be due to the cardiovascular effects of amphetamines, resulting from high blood pressure or vasoconstriction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The brain hemorrhage reported among human amphetamines abusers (Moriya & Hashimoto 2002;Inamasu et al 2003) might be due to the cardiovascular effects of amphetamines, resulting from high blood pressure or vasoconstriction. Brain hemorrhage has also been reported in children prenatally exposed to methamphetamine (Dixon & Bejar 1989) and caudal hematomas were found in chick embryos after amphetamine exposure (Kolesari & Kaplan 1979).…”

Section: Gestational Daysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histological brain alterations following prenatal methamphetamine exposure in rats

Cui

Sakata‐Haga

Ohta

et al. 2006

Congenital Anomalies

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When pregnant women abuse methamphetamine, the foremost concern is the potential adverse effect of this substance on fetal development. Clinical studies in humans have found that exposure to methamphetamine during brain development can cause neurobehavioral abnormalities, such as aggressive behavior, learning problems, and poor social adaptation. In the present study, we examined the effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on brain development in rats. The first group of pregnant rats was administered methamphetamine at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day during gestational day (GD 10 to GD 20 [MA]. The second group of pregnant rats was injected with saline vehicle only [SAL]. On GD 21 their fetuses were removed and fetal brains were observed. We found various types of morphological damage in MA fetal brains, including microgyria, ectopia, and hemorrhage. In some cases, abnormal distribution of the leptomeninx, such as breach or accumulation, was observed in addition to these histological abnormalities. Therefore, we examined the expression of laminin, which is an important component of the pia mater, in the fetal brains. However, Western blot analysis revealed that there was no difference in expression amount of laminin in whole fetal brain between the MA and SAL groups. We concluded that methamphetamine use during pregnancy can cause histological brain alterations in fetuses. Morphological alterations of brain seen in the present study and previous human studies following prenatal exposure to methamphetamine might be related to the neurobehavioral abnormalities seen in patients who had been exposed to methamphetamine in utero.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gestational Daysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological brain alterations following prenatal methamphetamine exposure in rats

Cui

Sakata‐Haga

Ohta

et al. 2006

Congenital Anomalies

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“…Mounting in dopamine level can change the function of central nervous system (CNS) which manifests as a range of neurologic disorders [27]. Intracranial hemorrhage is associated with methamphetamine-induced hypertension and tachycardia [28]. Basal ganglia and brainstem bleeding as well as ischemic stroke were reported in MA abusers [29,30].…”

Section: Adverse Health Consequences Related To Direct Exposure To Methamphetamine and Its Impuritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impurity Profiling of Street Methamphetamine Samples Seized in Kermanshah,Iran with Special Focus on Methamphetamine Impurities Health Hazards

Etemadi¹

2015

J Clin Toxicol

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Objective: Methamphetamine abuse remains a significant public health concern since its assent to peak popularity in Iran. Methamphetamine possesses one of the most domestic markets among other drugs of abuse in Kermanshah, Iran. Clandestine methamphetamine laboratories employ different methods and consequently a wide range of chemicals for the illicit production of methamphetamine. Yet there is limited information about active pharmaceutical ingredients in methamphetamine samples seized in Kermanshah, Iran. The current study aimed to identify active pharmaceutical ingredients and manufacturing by-products in methamphetamine samples seized in Kermanshah, Iran. As no organ in the body remains unscathed by methamphetamine and its impurities abuse, the other purpose of the present study was to discuss health effects associated with impure methamphetamine abuse in a brief review.Methods: Analytical study was conducted on 53 methamphetamine samples using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. We reviewed the health outcomes of methamphetamine abuse and the evidences supporting pharmacological effects of methamphetamine impurities.Results: Analysed methamphetamine samples contained methamphetamine, amphetamine, ecstasy, phenmetrazine, pseudoephedine, tramadol, benzaldehyde, acetic acid and other chemicals. Information has been discussed for common harmful effects of methamphetamine and its impurities abuse. Conclusion:Illicit methamphetamine crystals contained different chemical impurities originated from manufacturing processes and active pharmaceutical ingredients deliberately added to them. The main prominent synthetic routes for methamphetamine synthesis are Leuckart and Nagai methods in Kermanshah, Iran. In addition to the chemical hazards present in methamphetamine laboratories, there are many hazards posed to anyone involved in direct and indirect contact with these contaminants.

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“…Acute use of methamphetamine (MATH) can result in toxic effects on the central nervous systems. Long term MATH use also adversely affects these systems, resulting in problems such as chronic psychosis, and paranoia (1,2,4,5). The potential for serious and medically harmful effects are so sig-nificant that animal models must be used to study the more extreme adverse health effects caused by high MATH use (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The peroxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in methamphetamine-treated rat brain

et al. 2008

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In this study, we investigated methamphetamine (METH)- induced peroxidative DNA damage in various regions of the rat brain. We injected METH to rats following 2 protocols. For the single administration experiment (group I), 50 mg/kg (i. p.) of METH was administered to observe the acute influence of METH. For the repeated administration experiment (group II), 10 mg/kg/day (i. p.) of METH was injected for 5 days. Immunohistochemically, peroxidative damage DNA, 8-hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) was observed, and in situ apoptosis was also observed. In group I, immunoreactivity of 8-OH-dG was only enhanced in neurons of the nucleus accumben of METH-treated rats. On in situ apoptosis detection, positive findings were also enhanced in all examined parts compared to those in the control, though there were no significant increases in 8-OH-dG-immunopositive neurons except in the nucleus accumben. In group II, the nucleus accumben also showed enhanced 8-OH-dG immunopositivity compared to that in the control. There was no significant difference in apoptosis between the control and METH groups. Based on our observations, it is considered that METH induces oxidative DNA damage in the brain, especially in the nucleus accumben. However, those DNA damage might be caused differently between acute and chronic administration.

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Subcortical Hemorrhage Caused by Methamphetamine Abuse: Efficacy of the Triage System in the Differential Diagnosis. Case Report.

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Histological brain alterations following prenatal methamphetamine exposure in rats

Histological brain alterations following prenatal methamphetamine exposure in rats

Impurity Profiling of Street Methamphetamine Samples Seized in Kermanshah,Iran with Special Focus on Methamphetamine Impurities Health Hazards

The peroxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in methamphetamine-treated rat brain

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