Subcritical Water Extraction and Direct Formation of Microparticulate Polysaccharides Powders from Ganoderma Lucidum

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum (hereafter G. lucidum) has been known as a food and raw material used in the development of medications because of its high content of polysaccharides, or β-glucans, which support the immune function. In this work, subcritical water was applied to utilize G. lucidum for the extraction of polysaccharides at temperatures of 373-463K and a pressure level of 4.0 MPa using a semi-batch system. Furthermore, these extracts were atomized and contacted with hot air to produce microsphere particles. During extraction, thermal softening of G. lucidum occurred, allowing the removal of the polysaccharides and protecting other constituents in G. lucidum via hydrolysis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the microsphere particles formed were spherical and dimpled or shriveled particles with diameters varying from 1 to 6 m. Characteristics of the molecular mass revealed that main massed peaks of water soluble products were distributed at around 688-2636 m/z with a peakto-peak mass difference of 162 m/z, consistent with the repeating unit of the glucans.

Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013–2014

“…Optimization of other methods for polysaccharide extraction have been reported for Clematus huchouensis (Zhang et al, ) and Leonurus cardiac L (motherwort) (Tahmouzi & Ghodsi, ). A supercritical‐based method has been developed for extraction of microparticulate polysaccharide powders (hemicelluloses) from Ganoderma lucidum (Matsunaga et al, ) and a method for extraction and fractionation of phenolic acids and glycoalkaloids from potato peels using acidified water/ethanol‐based solvents has been developed by Maldonado et al (). An optimized protocol to degrade enzymatically wheat cell‐wall polysaccharides into oligosaccharides, directly from wheat grain cross sections has been published (Veličković & Rogniaux, ).…”

pH-Dependent Yield and Physicochemical Properties of Pectin Isolated from Citrus Maxima

“…Reducing pH values liberates the pectin molecules to break the strong linkages with the hemicellulose that exists in the albedo raw peel (Sayah et al, 2016). The acidic condition is the procedure that is normally used in such extraction of pectin and other polysaccharides (Matsunaga et al, 2014).…”

Subcritical Water Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plants and Algae: Applications in Pharmaceutical and Food Ingredients

“…The process was very efficient because of its easy pre-treatment and the high yields of extracted polysaccharides [39]. Polysaccharides have also been recovered from Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi mushroom) using SWE [40]. During the extraction process, the thermal softening of Ganoderma lucidum allowed the removal of the polysaccharides and protected other components through hydrolysis.…”