Subcritical water hydrolysis coupled with hydrothermal carbonization for apple pomace integrated cascade valorization

Apple pomace management by anaerobic digestion and composting: a life cycle assessment

“…66 Moreover, by-products such as apple pomace are cheap feedstocks that make the biorefinery attempt substantially more attractive, 7,26 obtaining space for different valorization routes, including fermentable sugars, 67 ethanol production, 68 functional compounds, plant fibers, food additives, pectin, acids and enzymes, among others. [69][70][71] A similar study with apple juice was conducted by Khanali et al, 72 focusing on the complete energy flow and LCA of apple juice production. However, a fair comparison is not possible because there are some differences between the studies.…”

“…The literature shows GHG mitigation by using the AD process with apple pomace, and this result is more significant for countries that use fossil energy 66 . Moreover, by‐products such as apple pomace are cheap feedstocks that make the biorefinery attempt substantially more attractive, 7,26 obtaining space for different valorization routes, including fermentable sugars, 67 ethanol production, 68 functional compounds, plant fibers, food additives, pectin, acids and enzymes, among others 69–71 …”

Sustainable valorization of apple waste in a biorefinery: a bibliometric analysis

“…The valorization of apple pomace in an integrated biorefinery draws more attention in the economic aspect since it is possible to obtain different products in the same facility with an integrated cascade valorization 134 . In an apple pomace‐based biorefinery for the multiproduction of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF), lactic acid and xylitol, efficient process design, modeling and simulation were performed 135 .…”

“…133 The valorization of apple pomace in an integrated biorefinery draws more attention in the economic aspect since it is possible to obtain different products in the same facility with an integrated cascade valorization. 134 In an apple pomace-based biorefinery for the multiproduction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), lactic acid and xylitol, efficient process design, modeling and simulation were performed. 135 Aiming to avoid unfavorable environmental outcomes while maintaining a minimum acceptable internal rate of return of 10%, a 0.64 mass fraction of the waste apple pomace must be processed to lactic acid while a 0.36 mass fraction of the apple must be processed to 5-HMF (from C 6 sugars) and xylitol (from C 5 sugars).…”