Subdural Hematoma as a Complication of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report & Literature Review

Abstract

Background: Subdural hematoma (SDH) typically occurs due to traumatic brain injury but can arise as a rare complication of procedures like endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Case Presentation: We report an unusual case in a 9-year-old male with previous resection of a fourth-ventricle ependymoma at 2 years of age. Seven years post-surgery, he presented with worsening hydrocephalus and underwent ETV. One month later, he developed severe headaches and motor difficulties. Imaging revealed a significant right SDH, necessitating urgent drainage. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and follow-up imaging showed resolution of the hematoma. Literature Review & Discussion: ETV is generally preferred for obstructive hydrocephalus due to lower complication rates compared to shunt procedures. However, cases of SDH post-ETV remain reported, albeit rarely. Potential mechanisms include altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and intraoperative vessel injury. This case aligns with literature findings and reinforces the importance of postoperative monitoring and prompt intervention in symptomatic cases to prevent complications. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider SDH in pediatric patients with new symptoms post-ETV. Further research should focus on understanding the risk factors and mechanisms for SDH development.