Submandibular Gland Transfer: A Potential Imaging Pitfall

Wu, Xin; Yom, Sue S.; Ha, Patrick K.; Heaton, Chase M.; Glastonbury, Christine M.

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a5609

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The latter shape is similar to that described in the SMG transfer, yet it is the ipsilateral gland that is mobilized in a SMG flap, and the contralateral gland, for a SMG transfer. 8 While it may seem intuitive, the absence of glandular tissue at the expected orthotopic location of the SMG may be the first clue to the radiologist that the gland has been manipulated, whether mobilized for reconstruction as in the case of the SMG flap or removed as part of the more frequently encountered neck dissection. Otherwise, features of a glandular hilum such as identifiable ducts and/or a vascular pedicle (…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All patients underwent an SMG flap operation with the intent of reconstruction and not transfer of the gland to shield it from high-dose radiation (ie, Seikaly and Jha submandibular transfer procedure). 8 In total, 23 studies of SMG flaps were characterized, including 16 CTs and 7 MR images. Preoperative imaging was available for 14 patients, consisting of 12 CTs and 3 MR images.…”

Section: Case Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of note, SMG transfer to the submental space with the intent of avoiding the high-dose radiation field to avoid xerostomia is a distinct entity and not included herein. 8 A key difference between these entities is that SMG transfer is performed on the SMG contralateral to the site of disease, whereas SMG flap reconstruction is performed ipsilesionally.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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CT and MR Imaging Appearance of the Pedicled Submandibular Gland Flap: A Potential Imaging Pitfall in the Posttreatment Head and Neck

Zander¹,

Gursahaney²,

Oliver

et al. 2023

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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Pedicled locoregional submandibular gland reconstruction flaps are increasingly used in oncologic head and neck surgery and have unique imaging characteristics that can mimic locally recurrent tumor. In this clinical report, 23 posttreatment imaging studies were evaluated in 19 patients who had undergone submandibular gland flap reconstructions after resection of a primary head and neck tumor. Submandibular gland flaps were most commonly mobilized into the parapharyngeal space or parotid bed, with others located inferior to the mandibular body and within marginal mandibulectomy defects. The original shape of the gland was typically not preserved. Identifying the submandibular gland hilum, vascular pedicle, glandular texture, and absence of submandibular gland in the orthotopic location was most useful in recognizing a flap. The interpreting radiologist must be familiar with the unique submandibular gland flap imaging characteristics to accurately differentiate normal postoperative appearance and recurrent tumor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CT and MR Imaging Appearance of the Pedicled Submandibular Gland Flap: A Potential Imaging Pitfall in the Posttreatment Head and Neck

Zander¹,

Gursahaney²,

Oliver

et al. 2023

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, submandibular gland transfer also has complications caused by surgery and many contraindications. Additionally, the potential risk associated with this method of incorrectly interpreting submandibular gland images resulted in a higher IR dose to the submandibular gland [84][85][86]. In this regard, to reduce the impact of IR on the submandibular gland, transferring a submandibular gland to the patient's forearm during RT and re-transplanting the gland back to its original position after RT was proposed.…”

Section: Submandibular Gland Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Radiotherapy-Induced Xerostomia: A Review

Pang

et al. 2022

Journal of Oncology

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In patients with head and neck cancer, irradiation (IR)-sensitive salivary gland (SG) tissue is highly prone to damage during radiotherapy (RT). This leads to SG hypofunction and xerostomia. Xerostomia is defined as the subjective complaint of dry mouth, which can cause other symptoms and adversely affect the quality of life. In recent years, diagnostic techniques have constantly improved with the emergence of more reliable and valid questionnaires as well as more accurate equipment for saliva flow rate measurement and imaging methods. Preventive measures such as the antioxidant MitoTEMPO, botulinum toxin (BoNT), and growth factors have been successfully applied in animal experiments, resulting in positive outcomes. Interventions, such as the new delivery methods of pilocarpine, edible saliva substitutes, acupuncture and electrical stimulation, gene transfer, and stem cell transplantation, have shown potential to alleviate or restore xerostomia in patients. The review summarizes the existing and new diagnostic methods for xerostomia, along with current and potential strategies for reducing IR-induced damage to SG function. We also aim to provide guidance on the advantages and disadvantages of the diagnostic methods. Additionally, most prevention and treatment methods remain in the stage of animal experiments, suggesting a need for further clinical research, among which we believe that antioxidants, gene transfer, and stem cell transplantation have broad prospects.

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Erythropoietin Plays a Protective Role in Submandibular Gland Hypofunction Induced by Irradiation

Liu

Wang

Cui

et al. 2021

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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Submandibular Gland Transfer: A Potential Imaging Pitfall

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

CT and MR Imaging Appearance of the Pedicled Submandibular Gland Flap: A Potential Imaging Pitfall in the Posttreatment Head and Neck

CT and MR Imaging Appearance of the Pedicled Submandibular Gland Flap: A Potential Imaging Pitfall in the Posttreatment Head and Neck

Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Radiotherapy-Induced Xerostomia: A Review

Erythropoietin Plays a Protective Role in Submandibular Gland Hypofunction Induced by Irradiation

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