Submarine groundwater discharge in tidal flats revealed by space-borne synthetic aperture radar

Kim, Duk‐jin; Moon, Wooil M.; Kim, Guebuem; Park, Sang-Eun; Lee, Hyoseong

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2010.11.009

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For example, time-series Landsat TIR data and coastal 222 Rn surveys have been used to identify over 30 new sources of SGD along the fractured bedrock coast of Ireland (Wilson & Rocha, 2012). Space-borne synthetic aperture radar has been successfully used to identify SGD over large tidal flat regions (Kim, Moon, Kim, Park, & Lee, 2011). Satellite data can also detect terrestrial groundwater discharge zones, as Sass et al (2013) demonstrate with Landsat TIR data from Alberta, Canada.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and quantification of diffuse fresh submarine groundwater discharge via airborne thermal infrared remote sensing

Tamborski

Rogers

Bokuniewicz

et al. 2015

Remote Sensing of Environment

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and quantification of diffuse fresh submarine groundwater discharge via airborne thermal infrared remote sensing

Tamborski

Rogers

Bokuniewicz

et al. 2015

Remote Sensing of Environment

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“…There are only a few studies on gently sloping tidal flats with seepage faces, possibly because it is usually difficult for investigators to enter and move around, and the investigation time and scope are also limited (Kim et al 2011). Additionally, it is usually difficult to quantify SGD in the intertidal zones with the persistence of seepage faces (Gardner 2007;Nakada et al 2011); however, tidal flats are not only widely existing but also key elements in marine environments for rich bioactivity and water purification (Xin et al 2009;Xia and Li 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of seawater–groundwater exchange rate: case study in a tidal flat with a large-scale seepage face (Laizhou Bay, China)

Wang

et al. 2014

Hydrogeol J

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The exchange rate between seawater and groundwater in a tidal flat was investigated at Laizhou Bay, China, where there are large-scale seepage faces with horizontal extension of several hundred meters developed during low tides. Taking into account the effects of seepage face and density, a simple and efficient method for estimating seawater-groundwater exchange rate is proposed, based on field measurements of groundwater hydraulic head, temperature and salinity. First, the exchange rate at each well was obtained using the generalized Darcy's law, then the results were interpolated and integrated along the whole transect. The total submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and inflow were estimated to be 8.8 and 15.3 m 3 d −1 m −1 , respectively. The spatial distributions of SGD and inflow were different from those of sandy or gravel beaches possibly owing to the low-permeability sediment (silty sand with mud), very gentle slope, and the large-scale seepage faces. A freshwater discharge tube was identified near the lowtide line, as evidenced by significant increase in outflow and low salinity of groundwater observed there. The SGD from the seepage faces accounted for ∼21 % of the total SGD. The outflow rate that occurred from the seepage faces, and the ratio of the outflow from the seepage faces to the total outflow, decreased seaward significantly and monotonically.

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“…This probably overestimates RMSz in relation to surface roughness estimated by the SAR sensors, which evaluate surface roughness at a much larger spatial extent dependent on sensor resolution. Shellfish beds are often patchy in nature (see, for instance, [51]), which means that at larger spatial scales, which are used by the satellites, there is more chance of including flat mud and water in between the shellfish [52].…”

Section: Theoretical and Semi-empirical Simulation Of Shellfish-inducmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Sensing of Epibenthic Shellfish Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite Imagery

Nieuwhof

Herman

Dankers³

et al. 2015

Remote Sensing

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On intertidal mudflats, reef-building shellfish, like the Pacific oyster and the blue mussel, provide a myriad of ecosystem services. Monitoring intertidal shellfish with high spatiotemporal resolution is important for fisheries, coastal management and ecosystem studies. Here, we explore the potential of X-(TerraSAR-X) and C-band (Radarsat-2) dual-polarized SAR data to map shellfish densities, species and coverage. We investigated two backscatter models (the integral equation model (IEM) and Oh's model) for inversion possibilities. Surface roughness (vertical roughness RMSz and correlation length L) was measured of bare sediments and shellfish beds, which was then linked to shellfish density, presence and species. Oysters, mussels and bare sediments differed in RMSz, but because the backscatter saturates at relatively low RMSz values, it was not possible to retrieve shellfish density or species composition from X-and C-band SAR. Using a classification based on univariate and multivariate logistic regression of the field and SAR image data, we constructed maps of shellfish presence (Kappa statistics for calibration 0.56-0.74 for dual-polarized SAR), which were compared with independent field surveys of the contours of the beds (Kappa statistics of agreement 0.29-0.53 when using dual-polarized SAR). We conclude that spaceborne SAR allows one to monitor the contours of shellfish-beds (thus, distinguishing shellfish substrates from bare sediment and dispersed single shellfish), but not densities and species. Although OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2015, 7 3711 spaceborne SAR cannot replace ground surveys entirely, it could very well offer a significant improvement in efficiency.

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Submarine groundwater discharge in tidal flats revealed by space-borne synthetic aperture radar

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Identification and quantification of diffuse fresh submarine groundwater discharge via airborne thermal infrared remote sensing

Identification and quantification of diffuse fresh submarine groundwater discharge via airborne thermal infrared remote sensing

Estimation of seawater–groundwater exchange rate: case study in a tidal flat with a large-scale seepage face (Laizhou Bay, China)

Remote Sensing of Epibenthic Shellfish Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite Imagery

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