Subpopulations of T and B Cells in Perinatally HIV-Infected and Noninfected Age-Matched Children Compared with Those in Adults

Ibegbu, Chris; Spira, Thomas J.; Nesheim, Steven; Mendez, Herman; Lee, Francis; Polliotti, Bruno; Caba, Joseph; Nahmias, André J.

doi:10.1006/clin.1994.1047

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…However, CD5 expression on B cells was significantly higher in all groups of HIV-infected children, confirming previous observations (21,45). The role of CD5þ B cells in HIV-infected children is still unknown.…”

Section: Nk and B Cell Counts And Expression Of Cd5 On B Cells In Thesupporting

confidence: 89%

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HIV‐1‐infected children on HAART: Immunologic features of three different levels of viral suppression

Zaccarelli-Filho¹,

Ono²,

Machado³

et al. 2006

Cytometry Part B Clinical

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Background: HIV-1-infected children show changes of blood lymphocyte subpopulations. We have, therefore, investigated how highly active anti-retroviral therapy (ART) alter these subsets. Blood samples were taken from 41 HIV-1-infected children on ART who were divided into groups showing good, partial and poor responses to ART on the basis of viral load (VL) measurement in blood. The observations were compared to those seen in 20 uninfected children.Methods: The samples were studied using 4-color flow cytometry for ''naïve'', central memory and effector memory cells as well as for CD38 expression as the sign of activation within both the CD4+ and the CD8+ T cell populations. HIV-1 infected children were also evaluated for the presence and the titers of antibodies induced by vaccination against childhood infections in our patients while on HAART.Results: Lymphocyte counts were lower in the \poor" viral load responding (VLR) group when compared with partial and good VLRs. Poor VLRs had lower total and naïve CD4+ T cell counts. HIV-1-infected children from all three groups had high CD8+ T cell counts. Central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell percentages were particularly low in the poor VLR group while in the poor VLR group the percentages of effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were higher when compared with the control group. Higher cellular activation of CD8+ T cells was observed in HIV-1-infected children, particularly when analyzed for the intensity of CD38 expression in the poor VLR group. CD5 expression on B cells was higher among all HIV-1-infected children. Antibodies to tetanus, diphtheria, measles, rubella, and hepatitis B were present in a large proportion of children but the titers were similarly low for all three groups of HIV-infected children.Conclusions: Children with different levels of viral response to HAART present immune phenotype characteristics that tend to place the children with partial and good virological responses into the same group. These children are still moderately deficient in their immune responses but show better recovery than seen with children in the poor VLR group. These observations indicate that the proportions of central memory cells among the CD4+ T cells and the intensity of the expression of CD38 activation antigen on CD8+ T cells provide more informative parameters for monitoring children on HAART than the absolute numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells alone. q

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Section: Nk and B Cell Counts And Expression Of Cd5 On B Cells In Thesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…B lymphocytes were identified as CD3ÀCD19þ cells. We also evaluated the percentage of CD5þ among B cells (21). NK cells were quantified by the CD45þ,CD3À,CD56þ,CD16þ phenotype.…”

Section: Cell Subsetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV‐1‐infected children on HAART: Immunologic features of three different levels of viral suppression

Zaccarelli-Filho¹,

Ono²,

Machado³

et al. 2006

Cytometry Part B Clinical

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“…Shearer et al (11) observed a decrease of the total B cell count in HIVinfected children Ͼ4 y. Other groups described a significant decrease in absolute numbers, while finding same percentages in patient and control cohorts (12,20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Hypergammaglobulinemia is seen in children as well (10). Some groups observe a reduced total B cell count in HIV-infected children (11,12), although these studies were conducted in the pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. The present study compares for the first time HIV-infected with uninfected children regarding detailed B cell differentiation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Memory B Cell Function in HIV-Infected Children—Decreased Memory B Cells Despite ART

et al. 2009

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B cell dysfunction is a well-studied complication of HIV infection in adults. Data on B cell differentiation in normal and HIV-infected children are lacking. We show the distribution of B cell subsets and immunoglobulin levels in HIV-infected children compared with controls. Furthermore, we observe the long-term B cell reconstitution of vaccine-specific immunity after antiretroviral therapy (ART). Phenotype of B cells (naive, non-switched memory, switched memory) was analyzed in 48 infected children and 62 controls. In nine HIV-infected children, functional reconstitution was quantified by tetanus-specific antibodies and by performing a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) in a longitudinal approach.

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“…Similarly, the change in Tcell subsets in patients with primary HIV-1 infection was characterized by depletion of CD4 ϩ naïve T cells (46). In addition, a significant decrease in the CD4 ϩ naïve T cells was much more marked in infected children than in infected adults (10). Thus, the differences between naïve and memory subsets leading to productive and latent infections are still not yet clear.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interleukin‐4 Up‐Regulates T‐Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcription in Primary CD4⁺ CD38⁺ T‐Lymphocyte Subset

Iwabu

Warachit

et al. 2005

Microbiology and Immunology

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The capacity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) to infect resting cells and to produce progeny particles may contribute significantly to its pathogenicity in vivo. We previously reported that primary culture of resting CD4+ CD38+ T‐lymphocyte subset had higher production rate of CXCR4‐using (X4) HIV‐1 than CD4+ CD38− subset. Interleukin (IL)‐4 highly contributed to the up‐regulation of the X4 virus production in the CD38+ subset. Here, we show evidences that IL‐4 treatment of both resting CD38+ and CD38− subsets allowed the adsorption, entry, and integration of X4 virus at similar rates, while the following viral transcription rate was significantly lower in the CD38− than CD38+ subset. Treatment of the CD38 subsets with IL‐4 or phytohemagglutinin revealed no association of X4 virus replication ability in the subsets with classic T‐cell activation or proliferation. Interestingly, the activator protein (AP)‐1 was significantly activated in the CD38+ subset after IL‐4 treatment, while both nuclear factor (NF)‐κB and signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT)‐6 were activated in the IL‐4‐treated CD38+ and CD38− subsets at similar levels. Thus, IL‐4‐dependent X4 HIV‐1 transcription occurs efficiently in the CD38+ but not CD38− subset of CD4+ population and AP‐1 could play a significant role on viral transcription, leading to the up‐regulated X4 virus production in the CD38+ subset.

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Subpopulations of T and B Cells in Perinatally HIV-Infected and Noninfected Age-Matched Children Compared with Those in Adults

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

HIV‐1‐infected children on HAART: Immunologic features of three different levels of viral suppression

HIV‐1‐infected children on HAART: Immunologic features of three different levels of viral suppression

Memory B Cell Function in HIV-Infected Children—Decreased Memory B Cells Despite ART

Interleukin‐4 Up‐Regulates T‐Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcription in Primary CD4⁺ CD38⁺ T‐Lymphocyte Subset

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Subpopulations of T and B Cells in Perinatally HIV-Infected and Noninfected Age-Matched Children Compared with Those in Adults

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

HIV‐1‐infected children on HAART: Immunologic features of three different levels of viral suppression

HIV‐1‐infected children on HAART: Immunologic features of three different levels of viral suppression

Memory B Cell Function in HIV-Infected Children—Decreased Memory B Cells Despite ART

Interleukin‐4 Up‐Regulates T‐Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcription in Primary CD4+ CD38+ T‐Lymphocyte Subset

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Interleukin‐4 Up‐Regulates T‐Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcription in Primary CD4⁺ CD38⁺ T‐Lymphocyte Subset