Subtype Specific CSF Biomarkers in Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Zafar, Saima; Younas, Neelam; Zerr, Inga

doi:10.4172/2161-0460.1000332

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 66 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…CSF biomarkers are useful as screening tools and as supplementary information to diagnostic examinations, but cannot be used as diagnostic tools in isolation [ 4 ]. The changes in the CSF levels of pathological proteins reflect the ongoing deposition of these proteins in the brain [ 5 – 7 ]. Screening of biomarkers in the CSF through a lumbar puncture is invasive, complex and expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain origin

Younas

Flores

Hopfner

et al. 2022

Transl Neurodegener

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Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of maladies, characterized by progressive loss of neurons. These diseases involve an intricate pattern of cross-talk between different types of cells to maintain specific signaling pathways. A component of such intercellular cross-talk is the exchange of various types of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes are a subset of EVs, which are increasingly being known for the role they play in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, e.g., synucleinopathies and tauopathies. The ability of the central nervous system exosomes to cross the blood–brain barrier into blood has generated enthusiasm in their study as potential biomarkers. However, the lack of standardized, efficient, and ultra-sensitive methods for the isolation and detection of brain-derived exosomes has hampered the development of effective biomarkers. Exosomes mirror heterogeneous biological changes that occur during the progression of these incurable illnesses, potentially offering a more comprehensive outlook of neurodegenerative disease diagnosis, progression and treatment. In this review, we aim to discuss the challenges and opportunities of peripheral biofluid-based brain-exosomes in the diagnosis and biomarker discovery of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In the later part, we discuss the traditional and emerging methods used for the isolation of exosomes and compare their advantages and disadvantages in clinical settings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%