Successful oxaliplatin desensitization protocol in a patient with colorectal metastatic cancer

Abstract

<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p> Platinum compounds are frequently used for the treatment of colorectal cancer as initial chemotherapy. Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum used for the treatment of stage III colorectal cancer and is associated with hypersensitivity reactions. The incidence of hypersensitivity reaction is approximately 12%, with 1–2% of patients developing moderate to severe reactions. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case report</jats:title><jats:p> A 54-year-old male patient with stage III B colon cancer was diagnosed and chemotherapy with oxaliplatin was indicated by the oncology service. Within 20 min of the first cycle of oxaliplatin, he developed dyspnea, laryngeal spam, foreign body sensation in the throat, nausea, and diarrhea; therefore, the infusion of oxaliplatin was suspended, and intramuscular epinephrine was administered and intravenous hydrocortisone along with chlorpheniramine with adequate resolution of symptoms. Management and outcome: Intradermal skin test performed at the concentration of 5 mg/ml (dilution 1:100) was positive. Due to the symptoms presented we decided to perform desensitization to oxaliplatin (total dose: 250 mg) with three bags–12 steps protocol with an initial concentration dose of 1/100 of the total dose in a course of 5.56 h with no hypersensitivity reactions. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p> Approximately 50% of patients who are exposed to oxaliplatin may have hypersensitivity despite premedication. Desensitization protocol induces tolerance to a drug temporarily and is dependent on continuous exposure. </jats:p></jats:sec>

Complete metabolic response after carboplatin desensitization in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis

“…8 Desensitization involves the administration of small doses of the suspect agent with a prolonged infusion time and gradual escalation of the dose and induces tolerance to a drug temporarily and is dependent on continuous exposure. 9…”

“…8 Desensitization involves the administration of small doses of the suspect agent with a prolonged infusion time and gradual escalation of the dose and induces tolerance to a drug temporarily and is dependent on continuous exposure. 9 There are different desensitization protocols: shortened, standard, and prolonged, they vary by infusion rate, number of steps and the time to complete desensitization. Choosing a protocol depends on the hypersensitivity reaction severity.…”

Management of infusion-related reactions in cancer therapy: strategies and challenges

“… 3 , 22 Drug desensitization consists of the administration of small amounts of the suspected therapeutic agent with prolonged infusion time and gradual dose escalation until tolerance to the desired total dose is achieved. 3 , 22 , 45 Desensitization induces only temporary tolerance to the drug and is dependent on continuous exposure, with the state of tolerance being lost once the drug is cleared. 3 , 46 …”