Successive Cambia: A Developmental Oddity or an Adaptive Structure?

Robert, Elisabeth M. R.; Schmitz, Nele; Boeren, Ilse; Driessens, Tess; Herremans, Kristof; Mey, Johan De; Casteele, Elke Van de; Beeckman, Hans; Koedam, Nico

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016558

Cited by 68 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…As always, there is an exception to this general rule. Certain tree species found in water-limited environments, including those with high salinity, have been found to develop not a single, but multiple bands of transport phloem located within their sapwood [52,53] underscoring the importance of transport phloem as water capacitor. How functions of, and processes in collection and release phloem impact tree water relations is less well understood.…”

Section: Phloemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic Anatomy and Function of Trees—Basics and Critical Developments

Pfautsch

2016

Curr Forestry Rep

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The study of hydraulic anatomy and function of trees has a long tradition. Motivated by current and projected changes in water availability, the field of tree hydraulics is experiencing a bout of activity. Significant progress has been made in understanding how water transport in trees is organized, how it integrates with other physiological processes, and what it takes for it to malfunction. Many of these advances have been possible, as fields of research that have traditionally been separate are merging, for example, wood anatomy and plant ecophysiology. These developments have led to the creation of powerful and novel approaches that help to answer longstanding questions relating to fundamental aspects of fluid transport in plants and how plants survive in the face of environmental stresses such as drought and freezing. The increased capacities to visualize the ultrastructures of wood in ever-greater detail and the ability for in-situ visualization of long-distance fluid transport have contributed to this progress. This review provides an entry point to the vast and continuously increasing knowledge of how water transport in trees is organized. It scales from cells to tissue anatomy to whole-tree physiology and landscape ecology. Known mechanisms and novel conceptual theories around how trees die as well as ways to prevent this fate are summarized. High-priority research questions for the coming years are formulated.

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Section: Phloemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic Anatomy and Function of Trees—Basics and Critical Developments

Pfautsch

2016

Curr Forestry Rep

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“…La formación de anillos vasculares se ha referido como una ventaja adaptativa bajo condiciones de estrés hídrico y en particular bajo condiciones salinas (Robert et al, 2011). La alternancia de parénquima con tejido vascular ofrece una alternativa para el almacenamiento de agua, mientras que el tejido fibroso promueve la fuerza mecánica para prolongar la capacidad de conducción (Carlquist, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Anatomía de los órganos vegetativos de dos especies de Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) que crecen en Venezuela

Jáuregui

Castro

Ruíz-Zapata

et al. 2014

RBT

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Anatomy of the vegetative organs of two species of Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) from Venezuela. In Venezuela, Atriplex is represented by A. cristata and A. oestophora, the latter being endemic; they inhabit coastal areas with high temperatures, high solar radiation and sandy soils with high salt content. This work aimed to provide information to facilitate and clarify these species taxonomic delimitation, throughout the study of the anatomy of their vegetative organs; this may also clarify our understanding of their adaptability to soil and climatic conditions prevailing in areas they inhabit. The plant material was collected from at least three individuals of each species in Punta Taima Taima and Capatárida, Falcon. Segments of roots, located near the neck and towards the apex, apical, middle and basal internodes of stems, were taken; and of leaves, located in the middle portion of plants. This material was fixed in FAA (formaldehyde, acetic acid, 70% ethanol) until processing. Semipermanent and permanent microscope slides were prepared with transverse or longitudinal sections, made using a razor (free-hand) or a rotation microtome, in this latter case, after paraffin embedding; besides, additional plates were mounted with portions of leaf epidermis, obtained by the maceration technique. The sections were stained with aqueous toluidine blue (1%) or safranin-fast-green, and mounted in water-glycerin or in Canada balsam. In order to calculate the vulnerability index, the vessel diameter in the vascular rings of roots, as well as their density, were quantified. Our results revealed structural features in the different organs, that resulted of taxonomic value and allowed the distinction of the species: in the leaf, the presence of aquifer tissue, the number of vascular bundles and their organization in the midrib, and the collenchyma differentiation in this part of the leaf; in the roots, the xylem and phloem arrangement in the growth rings, the nature of conjunctive tissue, and the presence of included phloem in one species. In addition, the species showed typical anatomical features of halophytes and xerophytes, such as: high density of trichomes on leaves and young stems which act as salt secreting glands, abundant sclerenchyma in stems and roots, water storage tissue and Kranz anatomy in leaves, narrow cortical region in young roots, presence of cambial variants in stems and roots, as well as short and narrow xylem vessels. Vulnerability index calculations indicated that both species tend to assure conduction but not the efficiency of the system. Atriplex species have anatomical characters which facilitate their adaptation to the special conditions prevailing in their habitats and that may be used for taxonomic delimitation. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (4): 1625-1636. Epub 2014 December 01.

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“…Vierh, Phytolacca dioca L., Salvadora persica L. and Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms (Carlquist 2001;Robert et al 2011;Rajput et al 2012a). The occurrence of successive cambia, although reported in several species (Schenck 1893;Pfeiffer 1926;Chalk & Chattaway 1937;Metcalfe & Chalk 1950;Obaton 1960;Lowell & Leucasky 1986;Carlquist 2001;Rajput et al 2008Rajput et al , 2012aRajput et al , 2013, is restricted to a small group of dicotyledonous taxa (Carlquist 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Inverse Cambia and Structure of Secondary Xylem in Ipomoea turbinata (Convolvulaceae)

Rajput

2017

Polish Botanical Journal

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Abstract. Structural transformation of mechanical tissues during the shift from a freestanding to a climbing habit is a characteristic of lianas, which are increasingly abundant in tropical forests. The modification of mechanical tissue and the evolution of a new growth pattern serve to increase stem flexibility and conductive efficiency. In Ipomoea turbinata Lag. (Convolvulaceae), the stem thickens via the formation of two distinct types of successive cambia: functionally normal successive cambia (producing xylem centripetally and phloem centrifugally), and inverse cambia (producing xylem centrifugally and phloem centripetally). The former originates from pericyclic derivatives (parenchyma cells located outside the primary phloem), while the latter originates from the conjunctive parenchyma located on the inner margin of the secondary xylem formed from vascular cambium. The secondary xylem produced by normal cambia is significantly more abundant than the xylem formed by inverse cambia. During primary growth, intraxylary primary phloem differentiates concomitantly with the protoxylem at the periphery of the pith; additional intraxylary secondary phloem is added from adjacent parenchyma cells as the plant ages. During initiation of every successive cambium, middle cells in the meristem give rise to cambium, and cells on either side of it serve as sites for initiation of future cambia. The functional role of inverse cambia remains unknown and awaits further experimental studies.

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Successive Cambia: A Developmental Oddity or an Adaptive Structure?

Cited by 68 publications

References 36 publications

Hydraulic Anatomy and Function of Trees—Basics and Critical Developments

Hydraulic Anatomy and Function of Trees—Basics and Critical Developments

Anatomía de los órganos vegetativos de dos especies de Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) que crecen en Venezuela

Development of Inverse Cambia and Structure of Secondary Xylem in Ipomoea turbinata (Convolvulaceae)

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