Sucrose Intake Elevates Erythritol in Plasma and Urine in Male Mice

Ortiz, Semira; Field, Martha S.

doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.022

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…SORD is involved in both the polyol pathway (its primary function) and in catalyzing the conversion of erythrose to erythritol in the PPP. In both cultured cells and in mouse plasma, we have observed conditions in which the polyol pathway is elevated, whereas erythritol remains steady, or erythritol is elevated, whereas the polyol pathway is steady [ 3 , 5 ]. Therefore, we hypothesized that there may be a trade-off between SORD catalyzing fructose or erythritol synthesis in polyol synthesis or the PPP, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work in mice indicated that the liver, kidneys, and skeletal muscle may be major sites of erythritol synthesis in mammals [ 4 ]. It was also recently found that both mouse kidneys and the skeletal muscle respond to high-sucrose intake with elevated erythritol content, whereas the liver maintains a constant erythritol concentration even after exposure to excess sucrose [ 5 ]. Sugar-induced erythritol synthesis in muscle is surprising: in healthy adult muscle, there is relatively little PPP activity, and erythritol synthesis from glucose depends on the PPP [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

C2C12 Muscle Myotubes, but not Kidney Proximal Tubule HK-2 Cells, Elevate Erythritol Synthesis in Response to Oxidative Stress

Ortiz,

Field

2023

Current Developments in Nutrition

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C2C12 Muscle Myotubes, but not Kidney Proximal Tubule HK-2 Cells, Elevate Erythritol Synthesis in Response to Oxidative Stress

Ortiz,

Field

2023

Current Developments in Nutrition

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“…Endogenous erythritol synthesis may also respond to diet-induced increases in glucose availability. In a recent study by Ortiz et al, the consumption of 30% sucrose in water for 2, 5, and 8 weeks elevated nonfasted plasma erythritol concentration in young male mice fed low-fat diets (4.5-fold at week 2) and high-fat diet (2.6-fold at week 2) compared with water controls [ 62 ]. It is interesting that consumption of sucrose with a low-fat diet led to higher circulating erythritol than sucrose with a high-fat diet because when the low-fat and high-fat diets were consumed without sucrose, there was no difference observed in erythritol concentrations.…”

Section: Erythritol Exposure: Heightened By Impaired Glycemia and Hig...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is interesting that consumption of sucrose with a low-fat diet led to higher circulating erythritol than sucrose with a high-fat diet because when the low-fat and high-fat diets were consumed without sucrose, there was no difference observed in erythritol concentrations. However, the authors noted that the sucrose group on the low-fat diet consumed 55% more sucrose water than the sucrose group on the high-fat diet and concluded that endogenous erythritol synthesis is a disposal pathway for glucose carbons when surplus sucrose is consumed [ 62 ]. Whether the fructose component in sucrose also has a role in promoting erythritol synthesis has not been studied.…”

Section: Erythritol Exposure: Heightened By Impaired Glycemia and Hig...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Erythritol: A Marker of Metabolic Dysregulation or Contributor to the Pathogenesis of Cardiometabolic Disease?

Mazi,

Stanhope

2023

Nutrients

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Erythritol is a non-nutritive sugar replacement that can be endogenously produced by humans. Witkowski et al. reported that elevated circulating erythritol is associated with adverse cardiovascular events in three independent cohorts, demonstrated in vitro and ex vivo that erythritol promotes platelet activation, and showed faster clotting time in mice injected with erythritol. It was concluded that erythritol fosters enhanced thrombosis. This narrative review presents additional evidence that needs to be considered when evaluating these data and conclusions. We conducted a search of all studies related to erythritol exposure with focus on those that reported vascular health outcomes. Patients with chronically elevated erythritol levels due to inborn errors of metabolism do not exhibit higher platelet activation or thrombosis risk. Most long-term studies in which animals consumed high levels of erythritol do not support its role in platelet activation and thrombosis formation. Clinical data on the effects of chronic intake of erythritol are limited. Erythritol may be merely a marker of dysregulation in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway caused by impaired glycemia. However, this suggestion and the findings of Witkowski et al. need to be further examined. Clinical trials examining the long-term effects of erythritol consumption on cardiometabolic outcomes are required to test the causality between dietary erythritol and cardiometabolic risk. Until supportive data from these trials are available, it cannot be concluded that dietary erythritol promotes platelet activation, thrombosis, and cardiometabolic risk.

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“…Consumption of erythritol up to 8 weeks did not affect brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1 expression. In Ortiz and Field ( 2023 ), male wild‐type 8‐weeks old C57BL/6J mice were fed LFD or HFD with plain drinking water or 30% sucrose water for 8 weeks ( n = 8/group). Plasma and urinary erythritol were measured in nonfasted samples at 2, 5 and 8 weeks, and after a 5‐h fast at 7 weeks (control levels typically 2 and 0.1uM, respectively).…”

Section: Extensive Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐evaluation of erythritol (E 968) as a food additive

Younes,

Aquilina,

Castle

et al. 2023

EFS2

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This opinion addresses the re-evaluation of erythritol (E 968) as food additive and an application for its exemption from the laxative warning label requirement as established under Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011. Erythritol is a polyol obtained by fermentation with Moniliella pollinis BC or Moniliella megachiliensis KW3-6, followed by purifications and drying. Erythritol is readily and dose-dependently absorbed in humans and can be metabolised to erythronate to a small extent. Erythritol is then excreted unchanged in the urine. It does not raise concerns regarding genotoxicity. The dataset evaluated consisted of human interventional studies. The Panel considered that erythritol has the potential to cause diarrhoea in humans, which was considered adverse because its potential association with electrolyte and water imbalance. The lower bound of the range of no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for diarrhoea of 0.5 g/kg body weight (bw) was identified as reference point. The Panel considered appropriate to set a numerical acceptable daily intake (ADI) at the level of the reference point. An ADI of 0.5 g/kg bw per day was considered by the Panel to be protective for the immediate laxative effect as well as potential chronic effects, secondary to diarrhoea. The highest mean and 95th percentile chronic exposure was in children (742 mg/kg bw per day) and adolescents (1532 mg/kg bw per day). Acute exposure was maximally 3531 mg/kg bw per meal for children at the 99th percentile. Overall, the Panel considered both dietary exposure assessments an overestimation. The Panel concluded that the exposure estimates for both acute and chronic dietary exposure to erythritol (E 968) were above the ADI, indicating that individuals with high intake may be at risk of experiencing adverse effects after single and repeated exposure. Concerning the new application, the Panel concluded that the available data do not support the proposal for exemption.

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Sucrose Intake Elevates Erythritol in Plasma and Urine in Male Mice

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

C2C12 Muscle Myotubes, but not Kidney Proximal Tubule HK-2 Cells, Elevate Erythritol Synthesis in Response to Oxidative Stress

C2C12 Muscle Myotubes, but not Kidney Proximal Tubule HK-2 Cells, Elevate Erythritol Synthesis in Response to Oxidative Stress

Elevated Erythritol: A Marker of Metabolic Dysregulation or Contributor to the Pathogenesis of Cardiometabolic Disease?

Re‐evaluation of erythritol (E 968) as a food additive

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