Sucrose Metabolism for the Development of Seminal Root in Maize Seedlings

Abstract

: The objective of this study was to elucidate the roles of sugar in the formation of root systems. Several parts of the seminal root were investigated to determine their sucrose, glucose and fructose contents, and the activity and the in situ localization of the activities of two kinds of metabolic enzymes, invertase and sucrose synthase, which hydrolyze sucrose. The sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations in the 0-1 cm section from the root apex were three to fi ve times those in the other sections. The invertase and sucrose synthase activities were also higher in the apical section. The in situ localization of invertase activity was detected in the cell elongation zone of the seminal root using histochemical method. The sucrose synthase activity was detected in the cell elongation zone of the seminal root and the root apices of lateral roots. These results suggested that sucrose is transported to the root elongation zone and the surrounding tissue of the lateral root primordia, and is cleaved into glucose, fructose, and UDP-glucose by invertase or sucrose synthase. This suggested that sucrose contributes to root formation by serving as the energy source, the carbon source for cell wall synthesis, and as a compatible solute for cell elongation.

Variations in endopolyploidy level during the short period of the early growing stage in the roots and leaves of maize (Zea mays) seedlings

“…The solution was aerated by continuous bubbling with air (1,000 ml air/min) provided by an aerator (HPa10000; Nisso, Japan). The bubbles did not travel as far as the root axis, and root growth was not affected by this procedure (Ogawa et al 2005(Ogawa et al , 2009Ogawa and Yamauchi 2006). The nets and walls of beakers were covered with aluminum foil to exclude light and to stimulate root growth.…”

“…In the present study, we used one cultivar, 'White Pop', as a model plant (Ogawa et al 2005(Ogawa et al , 2009Ogawa and Yamauchi 2006). The purpose of the present study was to clarify the variations in endopolyploidy during the short period at the early growing stage in the root and leaves of maize seedlings.…”

Formación in vitro de rizomas en caña flecha (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) y recuperación de plantas

“…In potato, tuber growth was found to be in coordination with accumulation of starch and in lotus rhizome enlargement is highly associated with starch biosynthesis (Abelenda et al 2011). Starch synthesis initiates with sucrose conversion to fructose and DUPG by the gene SUS; the expression of this gene has been correlated with both potato tuber and lotus rhizome growth (Ogawa et al 2009). Additionally, AGPase catalyzes the formation of ADP-glucose from G1P in plastids (chromoplasts, chloroplasts and amylopasts) of all starch-synthesizing tissues (Tetlow et al 2004); lotus AGPases genes NNU_07115 and NNU_25036 were found associated with rhizome growth (Yang et al 2015).…”

Lateral root elongation inside the basal cortex of the seminal root is caused by the changes in auxin distribution to the root system of rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) seedlings

“…The solution was aerated by continuous bubbling with air (1000 mL air min −1 ) provided by an aerator (HPα 10000; Nisso, Japan). The bubbles did not travel as far as the root axis, which meant that root system growth was not inhibited by this procedure (Ogawa et al 2009). The nets and the walls of the beakers were covered with aluminum foil to exclude light and stimulate root system growth.…”