Sucrose‐metabolizing enzymes from leaves of barley infected with brown rust (<i>Puccinia hordei</i> Otth.)

Tetlow, Ian J.; Farrar, J. F.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb01795.x

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Besides the possible post-translational control mechanism discussed above we were interested in investigating whether the changes observed in the activity of cell wall-bound invertase were possibly caused by changes at the transcript level and whether a possible correlation between the regulation of invertase and PR-protein encoding genes exists. The transcriptional induction of invertase following bacterial and fungal attack has already been described (Scholes et al , 1994;Sturm and Chrispeels, 1990;Tetlow and Farrar, 1992). To determine whether a similar induction would occur during plant-virus interactions, RNA was isolated from leaf tissues at different time-points during virus infection.…”

Section: Expression Of Genes Involved In Defence and Sucrose Cleavagementioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of carbohydrate partitioning during the interaction of potato virus Y with tobacco

Herbers

Takahata

Melzer

et al. 2000

Molecular Plant Pathology

139

105

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To test whether carbohydrates may play a signalling function during plant pathogenesis, we investigated the interaction between tobacco and potato virus Y (PVY(N)). Four days after PVY(N) infection, leaves started to accumulate soluble sugars and leaf photosynthesis decreased. The accumulation of soluble sugars was accompanied by an induction of cell wall invertase and a gradual decrease in the sucrose-to-hexose ratio. In parallel to changes in carbohydrate metabolism and photosynthesis, transcripts encoding PR-proteins accumulated. Based on this coincidence, it was hypothesized that elevated hexose levels may enhance the expression of defence-related functions and might possibly explain the phenomenon of high sugar resistance in plants. This notion has been supported by the fact that cell wall invertase-expressing transgenic tobacco plants were found to be resistant against PVY(N) (Herbers et al., 1996b). To exclude the possibility that salicylate, which accumulates in plants expressing invertase, may be responsible for the observed resistance, these transgenic plants were crossed with salicylate hydroxylase-expressing plants (nahG). The progeny were selected for high levels of sugar and low levels of salicylate. Necrotic lesions also developed, typically formed on the leaves of plants expressing invertase, and transcripts encoding PR-Q accumulated in the absence of salicylate. On the other hand, accumulation of PR-1b transcripts decreased, indicating that sugars are not sufficient for PR-1b induction. Infection experiments using these plants as hosts revealed resistance towards PVY(N). Thus, the mechanism of apoplastic invertase induced virus resistance is salicylate independent and most likely sugar mediated.

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Section: Expression Of Genes Involved In Defence and Sucrose Cleavagementioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of carbohydrate partitioning during the interaction of potato virus Y with tobacco

Herbers

Takahata

Melzer

et al. 2000

Molecular Plant Pathology

139

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Uromyces fabae , a rust fungus infecting Vicia faba , has been shown to specifically up-regulate its invertase expression during the plant infection process [ 9 ]. Infection of Hordeum distichum leaves by another pathogenic fungal biotroph, Puccinia hordeii , has been shown to cause a significant reduction in sucrose and monosaccharide concentrations in the apoplast of these tissues [ 10 ]. Thus, GH32 genes have been documented in several pathogenic fungal biotrophs and appear to be expressed in order to enhance C metabolism and access sucrose at infection sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friend or foe? Evolutionary history of glycoside hydrolase family 32 genes encoding for sucrolytic activity in fungi and its implications for plant-fungal symbioses

et al. 2009

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Background: Many fungi are obligate biotrophs of plants, growing in live plant tissues, gaining direct access to recently photosynthesized carbon. Photosynthate within plants is transported from source to sink tissues as sucrose, which is hydrolyzed by plant glycosyl hydrolase family 32 enzymes (GH32) into its constituent monosaccharides to meet plant cellular demands. A number of plant pathogenic fungi also use GH32 enzymes to access plant-derived sucrose, but less is known about the sucrose utilization ability of mutualistic and commensal plant biotrophic fungi, such as mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi. The aim of this study was to explore the distribution and abundance of GH32 genes in fungi to understand how sucrose utilization is structured within and among major ecological guilds and evolutionary lineages. Using bioinformatic and PCR-based analyses, we tested for GH32 gene presence in all available fungal genomes and an additional 149 species representing a broad phylogenetic and ecological range of biotrophic fungi.

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“…in potato virus Y (PVY) infected tobacco (Herbers et al. , 2000), and upon infection with several pathogenic fungi, such as rice blast ( Magnaporthe grisea ), rust ( Pucchinia hordei ) and powdery mildew ( Erysiphe cichoracearum ) (Tetlow and Farrar, 1992; Fotopoulos et al. , 2003; Cho et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of arbuscular mycorrhization by apoplastic invertases: enhanced invertase activity in the leaf apoplast affects the symbiotic interaction

et al. 2007

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SummaryThe effect of constitutive invertase overexpression on the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is shown. The analysis of the enhanced potential for sucrose cleavage was performed with a heterozygous line of Nicotiana tabacum 35S::cwINV expressing a chimeric gene encoding apoplast-located yeast-derived invertase with the CaMV35S promoter. Despite the 35S promoter, roots of the transgenic plants showed no or only minor effects on invertase activity whereas the activity in leaves was increased at different levels. Plants with strongly elevated leaf invertase activity, which exhibited a strong accumulation of hexoses in source leaves, showed pronounced phenotypical effects like stunted growth and chlorosis, and an undersupply of the root with carbon. Moreover, transcripts of PR (pathogenesis related) genes accumulated in the leaves. In these plants, mycorrhization was reduced. Surprisingly, plants with slightly increased leaf invertase activity showed a stimulation of mycorrhization, particularly 3 weeks after inoculation. Compared with wild-type, a higher degree of mycorrhization accompanied by a higher density of all fungal structures and a higher level of Glomus intraradices-specific rRNA was detected. Those transgenic plants showed no accumulation of hexoses in the source leaves, minor phenotypical effects and no increased PR gene transcript accumulation. The roots had even lower levels of phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid and scopolin), amines (such as tyramine, dopamine, octopamine and nicotine) and some amino acids (including 5-amino-valeric acid and 4-aminobutyric acid), as well as an increased abscisic acid content compared with wild-type. Minor metabolic changes were found in the leaves of these plants. The changes in metabolism and defense status of the plant and their putative role in the formation of an AM symbiosis are discussed.

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Sucrose‐metabolizing enzymes from leaves of barley infected with brown rust (Puccinia hordei Otth.)

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Regulation of carbohydrate partitioning during the interaction of potato virus Y with tobacco

Regulation of carbohydrate partitioning during the interaction of potato virus Y with tobacco

Friend or foe? Evolutionary history of glycoside hydrolase family 32 genes encoding for sucrolytic activity in fungi and its implications for plant-fungal symbioses

Regulation of arbuscular mycorrhization by apoplastic invertases: enhanced invertase activity in the leaf apoplast affects the symbiotic interaction

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